DebunkBOT

Demo here: +1 206-629-6920 DebunkBOT is an AI fact-checking assistant that verifies the accuracy of forwarded messages using the Google Fact Check Tools API. It extracts key claims, cross-checks them with reputable sources, and provides clear, unbiased evaluations. Supporting multiple languages, DebunkBOT ensures users get fact-based insights with transparency and reliability.

3mo ago

Instructions

Prompt Library

Language Model

Knowledge Base

Show as Links

💪 Capabilities

🦻 Speech Recognition & Translation

🗣️ Text to Speech & Lipsync

🩻 Photo & Document Intelligence

📊 Analytics & Evaluation

🛠️ Developer Tools and Functions

Functions

Variables

QR_IMAGE

string

platform

string

search_results

object

System provided

html

string

System provided

<!doctype html><html lang=en-US class=gnt__njs data-u-s=anon><head><meta charset=utf-8 /><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,minimum-scale=1"/><meta name=theme-color content=#0098FE /><title>Study: Modern global warming fastest in 485 million years | Fact check</title><meta property=og:title content="High ancient temperatures don't prove modern warming a 'hoax' | Fact check"/><meta property=article:author content="Kate S. Petersen"/><meta property=article:content_tier content=free /><meta property=article:opinion content=false /><link rel=dns-prefetch href=//user.usatoday.com /><link rel=preconnect href=https://user.usatoday.com /><link rel=dns-prefetch href=//securepubads.g.doubleclick.net /><link rel=preconnect href=https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net /><link rel=dns-prefetch href=//adservice.google.com /><link rel=preconnect href=https://adservice.google.com /><link rel=dns-prefetch href=//tpc.googlesyndication.com /><link rel=preconnect href=https://tpc.googlesyndication.com /><link rel=dns-prefetch href=//googleads.g.doubleclick.net /><link rel=dns-prefetch href=//s0.2mdn.net /><link rel=dns-prefetch href=//partner.googleadservices.com /><link rel=dns-prefetch href=//www.googletagservices.com /><link rel=preconnect href=https://www.googletagservices.com /><link rel=dns-prefetch href=//static.adsafeprotected.com /><link rel=preconnect href=https://static.adsafeprotected.com /><link rel=dns-prefetch href=//pixel.adsafeprotected.com /><link rel=preconnect href=https://pixel.adsafeprotected.com crossorigin/><link rel=dns-prefetch href=//aax.amazon-adsystem.com /><link rel=preconnect href=https://aax.amazon-adsystem.com /><link rel=dns-prefetch href=//c.amazon-adsystem.com /><link rel=dns-prefetch href=//bidder.criteo.com /><link rel=preconnect href=https://bidder.criteo.com /><link rel=dns-prefetch href=//display.bidder.taboola.com /><link rel=preconnect href=https://display.bidder.taboola.com /><link rel=dns-prefetch href=//a.teads.com /><link rel=dns-prefetch href=//a.teads.tv /><link rel=preconnect href=https://a.teads.tv /><link rel=dns-prefetch href=//collector.brandmetrics.com /><link rel=preconnect href=https://collector.brandmetrics.com /><link rel=dns-prefetch href=//atoms.usatoday.com /><link rel=dns-prefetch href=//e.infogram.com /><link rel=dns-prefetch href=//cdn.taboola.com /><link rel=preconnect href=https://cdn.taboola.com /><link rel=dns-prefetch href=//trc.taboola.com /><link rel=preconnect href=https://trc.taboola.com /><link rel=dns-prefetch href=//cdn.confiant-integrations.net /><link rel=preconnect href=https://cdn.confiant-integrations.net /><link rel=dns-prefetch href=//cm.usatoday.com /><link rel=dns-prefetch href=//www.usatodaynetworkservice.com /><link rel=preload as=image href="/gcdn/authoring/authoring-images/2024/10/16/USAT/75697586007-20241011-t-125542-z-1643283492-rc-23-f-9-a-0-nf-1-y-rtrmadp-3-climatechangegreecerenewables.JPG?crop=5279,2971,x0,y274&width=660&height=371&format=pjpg&auto=webp" fetchpriority=high /><link rel=preload as=script href=/tangstatic/js/pbjsandwichdirecta9-q1a2z3a44d3739.min.js /><link rel=preload as=script href=https://client.aps.amazon-adsystem.com/publisher.js /><link rel=preload as=script href=https://config.aps.amazon-adsystem.com/configs/3062 /><link rel=preload as=script href=https://static.adsafeprotected.com/iasPET.1.js /><link rel=preload as=script href=https://cdn.brandmetrics.com/tag/f5e47f5ae82e4c48bbc1a7f9281ed95b/gannett_net.js /><link rel=preload as=script href=https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js /><link rel=preload as=script href=/tangstatic/js/main-q1a2z3c87ded5b.min.js /><link rel=preload as=image href="/gcdn/presto/2022/03/14/PDTF/8839137f-d562-4f91-a489-15ff03e4065a-Petersen_Kate.jpg?crop=404,404,x0,y31&width=48&height=48&format=pjpg&auto=webp" imagesrcset="/gcdn/presto/2022/03/14/PDTF/8839137f-d562-4f91-a489-15ff03e4065a-Petersen_Kate.jpg?crop=404,404,x0,y31&width=96&height=96&format=pjpg&auto=webp 2x" fetchpriority=high /><link rel=preload as=script href=https://cdn.taboola.com/libtrc/usatodaydemo/loader.js crossorigin/><link rel=preload as=script href=https://gannett-player.ex.co/player/e82155d1-d994-44c9-b40a-050307d82ef7 crossorigin/><link rel=preload as=script href=https://exbd.ex.co/sdk.js crossorigin/><link rel=preload as=script href=/gcdn/gannett-web/apps/teal/dist/vendor/comscore/streamsense-5.1.1.160316.min.js /><link rel=preload as=script href=https://s0.2mdn.net/instream/video/client.js fetchpriority=low /><link rel=preload as=script href=https://cdn.confiant-integrations.net/r5TdgVvkbv-PeaJCKaQfCh5Xsto/gpt_and_prebid/config.js /><meta name=description content="Rather than showing global warming is a &#34;hoax,&#34; the paper reports that modern global warming is proceeding at an unprecedented rate."/><meta property=og:description content="Rather than showing global warming is a &#34;hoax,&#34; the paper reports that modern global warming is proceeding at an unprecedented rate."/><meta property=fb:pages content=13652355666,48958576760,156345381090801,110471702456365,6566864515,137698179626815,315942225236045,927427260614748,183850168300771,1443524575938047,251228454889939,158095147555989,115535341805950,236655713446291,1621466394844549,250325640686,177037772444433,1972936962947967,2047091012096533,535551216797440 /><meta property=fb:app_id content=1279862243338849 /><link rel=canonical href=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2024/10/29/study-485-million-years-warming-hoax-fact-check/75697535007/ /><meta property=og:url content=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2024/10/29/study-485-million-years-warming-hoax-fact-check/75697535007/ /><meta property=og:site_name content="USA TODAY"/><meta property=og:image content="https://www.usatoday.com/gcdn/authoring/authoring-images/2024/10/16/USAT/75697586007-20241011-t-125542-z-1643283492-rc-23-f-9-a-0-nf-1-y-rtrmadp-3-climatechangegreecerenewables.JPG?crop=5279,2971,x0,y274&width=3200&height=1801&format=pjpg&auto=webp"/><meta property=og:image:width content=3200 /><meta property=og:image:height content=1801 /><meta name=ROBOTS content="NOODP, NOYDIR, max-image-preview:large"/><meta name=google content=notranslate /><meta property=og:type content=article /><script>"use strict";if(window.FontFace){const a=new FontFace("Unify Sans","url(data:application/font-woff2;charset=utf-8;base64,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) format('woff2-variations')",
{display:"optional",weight:"400 700"});a.load();document.fonts.add(a)};
{const e=window,f=e.name,a="gnt-rf:",m=document,t=navigator,v=t.userAgent,w={},C=Object.defineProperty,D={u:{},v:{},a7s:{dq:[],rq:[],tq:[]},now:Date.now(),otd:1,ga:false,bn:{}};C(e,"gnt",{enumerable:!0,value:D});w.c=!!e.chrome;(w.t=(w.ip=w.i=1<t.maxTouchPoints&&v.includes("c OS X")&&!v.includes("(iP"))||(w.tn=(w.a=v.includes("; And"))||(w.in=w.i=v.includes("(iP"))))||(w.f=v.includes("Firefox"));;e.g$={run:[],w:e,c:m.createElement.bind(m),d:m,de:m.documentElement,dh:m.head,l:location,dp:C,si:setInterval.bind(e),st:setTimeout.bind(e),ec:encodeURIComponent,dc:decodeURIComponent,qs:m.querySelector.bind(m),
raf:requestAnimationFrame.bind(e),jp:JSON.parse,js:JSON.stringify,aeld:EventTarget.prototype.addEventListener,cwih:innerHeight,cwiw:innerWidth,b:w,nv:t,nce:t.cookieEnabled,ua:v,vv:e.visualViewport,mr:Math.random(),bch:{},el:{},io:"IntersectionObserverEntry"in e&&"isIntersecting"in IntersectionObserverEntry.prototype&&IntersectionObserver};f?.startsWith(a)&&(D.rf=1,e.name="",f!==a+g$.l.pathname&&(D.rfm=f));;f?.startsWith("gnt-fcmr:")&&(D.fcmr=
1,e.name="",f!=="gnt-fcmr:"+g$.l.pathname&&(D.fcmm=f));}try{if(g$.ls=window.localStorage)g$.ss=sessionStorage,g$.b.f&&g$.ls.getItem("gnt.test"),gnt.storage=!0}catch(e){g$.st(()=>{g$.cc(e,"h5r1")},100)}
(function(){function e(a,m,t,v){let w={};if(a&&"string"===typeof a){m||="&";let D=a.charCodeAt(0),F=0,z,h;let b;if("&"===m){if(63===D||35===D)F=1;for(;a.charAt(F)===m;)++F}for(;;){for(;" "===a.charAt(F);)++F;D=a.indexOf("=",F);var C=a.indexOf(m,F);if(0<D&&(D<C||-1===C)){let n=a.substring(F,D);C=(h=0<C)?a.substring(D+1,F=C):a.substr(D+1);if("user_gsp"===n&&";"===m&&(1>(b=+C)||100<b))g$.gspd=1;else if(w[n]=C,h)for(;a.charAt(++F)===m;);else break}else if(0<C&&(C<D||-1===D))for(w[a.substring(F,C)]=!0,
F=C+1;(z=a.charAt(F))===m||" "===z;)++F;else{F<a.length&&(w[a.substr(F)]=!0);break}}if(t)for(let n in w)if(w.hasOwnProperty(n)&&(a=t[v+n],"undefined"!==typeof a))try{w[n]=g$.dc(a)}catch(A){g$.cc(A,"h0y1")}}return w}g$.pQS=e;g$.sQS=function(a,m){let t="";if(a&&"object"===typeof a){for(let v in a)!a.hasOwnProperty(v)||m&&m.hasOwnProperty(v)||(t=!0===a[v]?t+("&"+v):t+("&"+v+"="+a[v]));t&&=t.substr(1)}return t};g$.hp=e(g$.l.hash);g$.qsp=e(g$.l.search);const f=g$.d.cookie;g$.ic=e(f,";",g$.hp["gnt-t-k"]&&
g$.hp,"gnt-k-");g$.kc=Object.keys(g$.ic).length;g$.ks=f.length})();
{let e=!1;if(g$.d.prerendering){const b=g$.pr=[];g$.d.addEventListener("prerenderingchange",function(){e=!0;for(const n of b)try{n()}catch(A){g$.cc?.(A,"h8h10")}g$.pr=null},{once:!0})};let f;const a=g$,m=a.w,t=.01,v=.0001,w=matchMedia,C=w("(display-mode:fullscreen)"),D=w("(display-mode:standalone)"),F=w("(display-mode:minimal-ui)"),
z=w("(display-mode:browser)"),h=(b,n)=>{b?b.matches&&(a.dm=n):a.dm=C.matches?"f":D.matches?"s":F.matches?"m":z.matches?"b":"nv"};C.addEventListener?.("change",b=>{h(b,"f")});D.addEventListener?.("change",b=>{h(b,"s")});F.addEventListener?.("change",b=>{h(b,"m")});z.addEventListener?.("change",b=>{h(b,"b")});a.cq=[];a.ce='api';a.cc=function(b,n,A,K,P=1,H=1){let na;if(b&&("object"===typeof b&&(na=b.m||b.message)||
"string"===typeof b&&(na=b))){const {l:I,d:ha,nv:da}=a,W=da.userActivation,aa=da.connection,ia=screen;b={a:a.cwih,b:a.cwiw,c:Date.now(),d:devicePixelRatio,e:b.colno,f:(b.error||b).stack,g:b.filename,h:n||b.h,i:b.lineno,j:na,k:A||b.d,l:(b.error||b).name,m:b.target&&!0,n:ha.visibilityState,o:H,p:P,q:I.hash,r:I.pathname,s:I.search,t:da.onLine,u:ia.height,v:ia.orientation&&ia.orientation.type,w:ia.width,x:b.reportedBy,y:a.pgl,z:gnt.bfcr||!1,aa:e,ab:ha.prerendering,ac:f||=m.gciAnalytics?.version,ad:performance.interactionCount,
A:a.dm||h(),C:K};W&&(b.T=W.hasBeenActive,b.U=W.isActive);aa&&(b.V=aa.downlink,b.W=aa.downlinkMax,b.X=aa.rtt,b.Y=aa.saveData,b.Z=aa.type);a.cq.push(b)}};if((a.mr<t||a.hp["gnt-e-cl"])&&!a.hp["gnt-d-cl"]){const b=m.XMLHttpRequest.prototype.open;a.ca=(n,A,K,P,H=3)=>{a.cc(n,A,K,P,H,t)};m.XMLHttpRequest.prototype.open=function(...n){!1===n[2]&&a.ca({m:"xhr",stack:Error().stack},"h8h8",n[2],{b:n[0],c:n[1]},7);return b.call(this,...n)};a.mr<v&&(a.cd=(n,A,K,P,H=3)=>{a.cc(n,A,K,P,H,v)});a.aeld.call(m,"error",
n=>{a.ca?.(n)});a.aeld.call(m,"unhandledrejection",n=>{if(n){const A=n.reason;A?a.cc((n.m="ur",n.d=A.message||A,n.stack=A.stack,n),"h8h1",0,0,5):a.ca?.("ur","h8h2",0,0,5)}})}a.aeld.call(a.w,"pageshow",b=>{b.persisted?gnt.bfcr=!0:a.ca&&a.b.c&&(b=performance.getEntriesByType("navigation")[0]?.notRestoredReasons)&&a.ca("bfc","h8h3",b,0,5)});gnt.rfm&&a.cc("rfm","h8h9",gnt.rfm,0,5);}
{const e=g$,f=e.d,a="adoptedStyleSheets"in f&&!e.hp["gnt-d-cs"];e.el.appendCss=function(m,t){if(a){var v=new CSSStyleSheet;v.replaceSync(m);(t||f).adoptedStyleSheets=(t||f).adoptedStyleSheets.concat(v)}else v=f.createElement("style"),v.innerHTML=m,(t||f.head).appendChild(v)};e.iou=e.io&&!e.hp["gnt-d-iou"];e.sip=function(m){m.stopImmediatePropagation()}};
if(g$.b.t&&!g$.hp["gnt-disable-vu"]){let e;const f=g$.vv,a=function(m){(e||=g$.d.querySelector("meta[name=viewport]")).content="width="+m};if(f&&g$.b.a){let m="device-width";f.addEventListener("resize",function(){var t=Math.round(f.width*f.scale);t=1024>=t?1024:1200<=t?1200:"device-width";m!==t&&a(m=t)})}else(1024>screen.width||1024>screen.height)&&a(1024)};
{const e=window.requestIdleCallback;g$.ric=e&&!g$.hp["gnt-d-ric"]?function(f,a){e(f,{timeout:a||500})}:function(f,a,m){setTimeout(f,m||4)}}
g$.cs=function(e,f){f=!f&&!g$.b.f&&!g$.hp["gnt-d-ac"]&&window.cookieStore;e.sameSite||(e.sameSite="lax");e.ax&&(e.domain="usatoday.com");f&&f.set?("undefined"!==typeof e.ma&&(e.expires=Date.now()+1E3*e.ma),f=f.set(e),e.cb&&f.then(e.cb)):g$.ric(function(){let a=e.ma;g$.sc(e.name+"="+e.value+(a?";max-age="+a:"")+((a=e.domain)?";domain="+a:"")+((a=e.path)?";path="+a:"")+";secure;samesite="+e.sameSite+((a=e.priority)?";priority="+a:""));e.cb&&g$.ric(e.cb)})};
if(!g$.hp["gnt-d-rap"]){const e=g$,f=Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor;function a(m,t=e.w){const v=f(t,m);if(v){v.writable=v.configurable=!1;try{Object.defineProperty(t,m,v)}catch(w){e.cc((w.m="rap",w),"h0q1",m)}}else e.ca?.("rap","h0q2",m,0,5);return t}a("setTimeout");a("clearTimeout");a("setInterval");a("clearInterval");a("XMLHttpRequest");a("JSON");a("stringify",a("parse",JSON));a("postMessage")};
gnt.luxEnabled=performance.mark&&(.015>g$.mr||g$.hp["gnt-enable-lux"])&&!g$.hp["gnt-disable-lux"]&&!g$.ic.gnt_bot&&!g$.hp["gnt-u-bt"]&&1.5;(g$.ut=performance.mark&&(gnt.luxEnabled||g$.hp["gnt-perf"])?e=>{performance.mark(e)}:()=>{})("gnt head");;
{const e=g$,{hp:f,ic:a,jp:m,nv:t,dc:v,de:w}=e,{"gnt-user-cookiesMissing":C,"gnt-user-status":D}=f,F=a.gup_lng,z=function(d,c,g,k,q){c?e.cc(c,"h9e"+d,g,k,q):e.cc("no cookie","h9e"+d)},h=gnt,b=h.u;let n,A="",K="",P=a.gnt_i,H=f["gnt-u-bt"],na=f["gnt-t-ent"],I=f["gnt-t-gc"],ha,da,W=f["gnt-t-gs"],aa,ia,qa,ya;;b.ip=(b.ld=function(){const d=fetch("https://user.usatoday.com/USAT-GUP/user/",
{credentials:"include",cache:e.b.f?"default":"no-store"});d.catch(c=>{b.dr||(b.dr=3);z(1,c)});return d})();if(F)try{const d=v(F);b.xlng=m('"'===d[0]?d.slice(1,-1):d);;n=b.lng=b.xlng;}catch(d){z(2,d,F)}else z(3);;n||(n=b.lng={auth:!1,hma:!1,lic:"none",name:"","ret-sub":!1,"ret-usr":!1,nfc:!0});const ba=w.classList,Ga=performance.getEntriesByType("navigation")[0]?.serverTiming,Na=!P,Ha=D&&"string"===typeof D,Ia="sub"===D,
Ja=Ia||"reg"===D,Oa=!(b.cm="boolean"===typeof C?C:!a.gup_lsid&&!Ja),ja=b.au=Ha?Ja:Oa&&(!0===n.auth||"true"===n.auth),Q=b.hma=Ha?Ia:ja&&(!0===n.hma||"true"===n.hma),Pa=b.lt=f["gnt-user-licensetype"]||n.lic,Ka=b.wn=f["gnt-user-welcomename"]||n.name,za=n["ret-sub"],ca=b.eid=f["gnt-u-eid"]||a.gnt_eid||a.cam_eid;;qa=b.z=ja&&Pa?.endsWith("plus");;(b.ai=a.gup_anonid)||z(4);(b.ci=a.gup_clientid)||z(5);b.im=ca&&-1<ca.indexOf("in-market");
b.rs=f["gnt-u-rs"]||!0===za||"true"===za;b.ru=!!n["ret-usr"];;h.abv=f["gnt-u-abv"];;if(Ga?.length)for(const d of Ga){"gnt_i"===d.name&&(P=d.description);;"gnt_bot"!==d.name||H||(H=d.description,a.gnt_bot||z(20,"bt.st1.c0",0,0,7));if("gnt_gad"===d.name||"gnt_gud"===d.name)h[d.name.slice(-3)]=1}Na&&z(P?15:16,"stf",0,0,7);!H&&(H=a.gnt_bot)&&z(21,"bt.st0.c1",0,0,7);if(H)try{H=h.btc=v(H)}catch(d){z(6,d,H)}else if(t.webdriver)
H=h.btc="cl.webdriver",e.cc("cl.w","h9e19",0,0,7);else{const d=t.userAgent;d?-1<d.indexOf("bot")?H="cl.uabot":-1<d.indexOf("spider")&&(H="cl.uaspider"):H="cl.noua"}H&&(h.bt=H);if(h.gic=P)try{const d=v(P).split("*");0<=d[0]&&(h.ent=d[0]);0<d[1]&&(b.as=d[1]);if(d[2]){const c=d[2].split("~");c[0]&&(I||=c[0],aa=c[2],ia=c[3],W||=c[1])}}catch(d){z(7,d,P)}else z(8);na&&(h.ent=na);I&&(h.geo={c:h.gc=I,y:aa,z:ia,s:h.gs=W},"RU"===I&&(qa=b.z=1));h.ssm=ya=(h.ssms=(ha="US"===I)||"PR"===I||
"GU"===I||"MP"===I||"AS"===I||"VI"===I||"UM"===I||!I)||(da="CA"===I)||"AOL"===W;;(h.fle=(ha||da||!I)&&!H)||(K+=".gnt_flp{display:none}");;b.lpf=f["gnt-u-lpf"]||n.lpf;;
if(("2"==(b.ce=f["gnt-u-ce"]||n.ce)||"1"==b.ce||b.lpf)&&(!a.gnt_cec||f["gnt-disable-cefc"])){b.ced={"u":0,"i":1,"n":2};b.esa=["https://cm.usatoday.com/overlay/expired-cc-modal-d-2025#","https://cm.usatoday.com/overlay/expiring-cc-modal-d-2025#",86400];};if(!b.ced){;if(!Q){;let d,c=a.gnt_CA,g=n.CA_ts,k;if(!b.ced&&(c||g)&&(!a.gnt_cac||f["gnt-disable-cafc"])){if(c)try{const q=
m(atob(c));q&&q.CA_pid&&q.CA_pname&&(k=q.CA_ts)&&(d=q)}catch(q){z(9,q,c)}g&&(!k||g>k)&&n.CA_pid&&(k=g,d=n);k+2592E6>h.now&&(b.ca=d)}};if(ya&&!b.ced&&!b.ca&&(!(h.bn&&h.bn.id&&h.bn.bk&&!h.bn.h||a.gnt_gc&&!f["gnt-d-gc"]||f["gnt-d-ao"]||e.qsp.usatai||e.qsp.google_preview)||f["gnt-t-aof"])){let {r:d,o:c,s:g}={"r":{"formerdigital:11":[3,4],"formerdigital:12":[3,4],"formerdigital:13":[3,4],"formerdigital:14":[3,4],"formerdigital:15":[3,4],"formerdigital:16":[3,4],"formerdigital:17":[3,4],"formerdigital:18":[3,4],"formerdigital:19":[3,4],"formerdigital:20":[3,4],"formerdigital":[3,4],"mpb_subscriber_hva-5":[5],"mpb_subscriber_hva-6":[6],"mpb_subscriber_hva-8":[7],"mpb_subscriber_hva-9":[],"control":[0,1,2]},"o":[{"c":0,"u":1,"d":2,"n":"acquisition-entrance","o":3,"i":4},{"c":5,"g":6,"u":7,"d":8,"n":"newsletter-signup-exit","o":9,"x":1,"l":1},{"c":10,"g":10,"u":11,"d":12,"n":"acquisition-exit","o":13,"i":14,"x":1},{"c":0,"u":1,"d":15,"n":"winback-entrance","o":16,"i":17},{"c":10,"u":11,"d":18,"n":"winback-exit","o":19,"i":20,"x":1},{"c":21,"u":22,"d":23,"n":"acquisition-entrance","o":24,"i":25,"p":1},{"c":21,"u":26,"d":27,"n":"acquisition-entrance","o":28,"i":29,"p":1},{"c":21,"u":30,"d":31,"n":"acquisition-entrance","o":32,"i":33,"p":1}],"s":[21600,"https://cm.usatoday.com/overlay/entrance-060925-SubscriberBenefits25-v2#","acq-en-1511","https://subscribe.usatoday.com/specialoffer?gps-source=CPINTRS&itm_medium=onsite&itm_campaign=2026UFEBBAU2&itm_source=digital&itm_term=outmark","https://subscribe.usatoday.com/specialoffer?gps-source=CPINTRS&itm_medium=onsite&itm_campaign=2026UFEBBAU2&itm_source=digital&itm_term=inmark",604800,32,"https://cm.usatoday.com/overlay/nso-100325_DailyBriefingNewsletterReg_desktop_entrance#","nso-ex-1511","https://www.usatoday.com?gps-source=CPEOCON&itm_medium=onsite&itm_campaign=2026NLSUP&itm_source=digital&itm_content=dailybriefing",3600,"https://cm.usatoday.com/overlay/exit-060925-SubscriberBenefits25#","acq-ex-1511","https://subscribe.usatoday.com/specialoffer?gps-source=CPEOCON&itm_medium=onsite&itm_campaign=2026UFEBBAU2&itm_source=digital&itm_term=outmark","https://subscribe.usatoday.com/specialoffer?gps-source=CPEOCON&itm_medium=onsite&itm_campaign=2026UFEBBAU2&itm_source=digital&itm_term=inmark","entrance-1513","https://subscribe.usatoday.com/mg2checkout?gps-source=CPINTRS&itm_medium=onsite&itm_campaign=2026UFEBBAU2WB&itm_source=digital&itm_term=outmark&offerId=6MS&offer=W-TS&promotionCode=W-TS","https://subscribe.usatoday.com/mg2checkout?gps-source=CPINTRS&itm_medium=onsite&itm_campaign=2026UFEBBAU2WB&itm_source=digital&itm_term=inmark&offerId=6MS&offer=W-TS&promotionCode=W-TS","exit-1513","https://subscribe.usatoday.com/mg2checkout?gps-source=CPEOCON&itm_medium=onsite&itm_campaign=2026UFEBBAU2WB&itm_source=digital&itm_term=outmark&offerId=6MS&offer=W-TS&promotionCode=W-TS","https://subscribe.usatoday.com/mg2checkout?gps-source=CPEOCON&itm_medium=onsite&itm_campaign=2026UFEBBAU2WB&itm_source=digital&itm_term=inmark&offerId=6MS&offer=W-TS&promotionCode=W-TS",259200,"https://cm.usatoday.com/overlay/entrance-101325-stackedproducts25-play#","entrance-1495","https://account.usatoday.com/manage-subscription?itm_campaign=STACKOFFERPLAY&gps-source=CPINTRS&itm_medium=onsite&itm_source=digital&itm_term=outmark","https://account.usatoday.com/manage-subscription?itm_campaign=STACKOFFERPLAY&gps-source=CPINTRS&itm_medium=onsite&itm_source=digital&itm_term=inmark","https://cm.usatoday.com/overlay/entrance-080625-hva25-a#","entrance-1503","https://account.usatoday.com/share-access?itm_campaign=HVAGENAU&gps-source=CPINTRSM&itm_medium=onsite&itm_source=digital&itm_term=outmark","https://account.usatoday.com/share-access?itm_campaign=HVAGENAU&gps-source=CPINTRSM&itm_medium=onsite&itm_source=digital&itm_term=inmark","https://cm.usatoday.com/overlay/entrance-080625-hva25-b#","entrance-1505","https://profile.usatoday.com/newsletters/manage/?gps-source=CPINTRSM&itm_medium=onsite&itm_campaign=HVAGENNL&itm_source=digital&itm_term=outmark","https://profile.usatoday.com/newsletters/manage/?gps-source=CPINTRSM&itm_medium=onsite&itm_campaign=HVAGENNL&itm_source=digital&itm_term=inmark"]},k=d.control;if(d){let q=
ca?.toLowerCase(),p=q;for(;p;){const G=d[p];if(G){k=G;break}if("control"===p||"control"===(p=p.substr(0,p.lastIndexOf(":"))))break;else if(!p){const E=q.indexOf(":");0<E&&(p="control"+q.substr(E))}}}for(let q=0;q<k.length;q++){const p=c[k[q]],G=f["gnt-t-aoid"]||g[p.d];;if(!a["gnt_au_"+G]&&(Q&&p.p||!Q&&!p.p)){;
b.ao=p;;b.aogc=g[p.g]||30;;b.aoid=G;b.aos=g;break}}}};if(qa||Q||!ya||b.rs||h?.bn.id&&!h.bn.h)h.hnb=!0,qa?ba.add("gnt__hx","gnt__hnb"):ba.add("gnt__hnb");;if(h.hnb)K+=".gnt_nb{display:none}";else{let d=b.nb=
{"u":"https://cm.usatoday.com/nanobar/060925-SubscriberBenefits25#","o":"https://subscribe.usatoday.com/specialoffer?gps-source=CPNBAR&itm_medium=onsite&itm_campaign=2026UFEBBAU2&itm_source=digital&itm_term=outmark","i":"https://subscribe.usatoday.com/specialoffer?gps-source=CPNBAR&itm_medium=onsite&itm_campaign=2026UFEBBAU2&itm_source=digital&itm_term=inmark","r":{"formerdigital:11":{"o":"https://subscribe.usatoday.com/checkout?gps-source=CPNBAR&itm_medium=onsite&itm_campaign=2026UFEBBAU2WB&itm_source=digital&itm_term=outmark&offerId=6MS&offer=W-TS&promotionCode=W-TS","i":"https://subscribe.usatoday.com/checkout?gps-source=CPNBAR&itm_medium=onsite&itm_campaign=2026UFEBBAU2WB&itm_source=digital&itm_term=inmark&offerId=6MS&offer=W-TS&promotionCode=W-TS"},"formerdigital:12":{"o":"https://subscribe.usatoday.com/checkout?gps-source=CPNBAR&itm_medium=onsite&itm_campaign=2026UFEBBAU2WB&itm_source=digital&itm_term=outmark&offerId=6MS&offer=W-TS&promotionCode=W-TS","i":"https://subscribe.usatoday.com/checkout?gps-source=CPNBAR&itm_medium=onsite&itm_campaign=2026UFEBBAU2WB&itm_source=digital&itm_term=inmark&offerId=6MS&offer=W-TS&promotionCode=W-TS"},"formerdigital:13":{"o":"https://subscribe.usatoday.com/checkout?gps-source=CPNBAR&itm_medium=onsite&itm_campaign=2026UFEBBAU2WB&itm_source=digital&itm_term=outmark&offerId=6MS&offer=W-TS&promotionCode=W-TS","i":"https://subscribe.usatoday.com/checkout?gps-source=CPNBAR&itm_medium=onsite&itm_campaign=2026UFEBBAU2WB&itm_source=digital&itm_term=inmark&offerId=6MS&offer=W-TS&promotionCode=W-TS"},"formerdigital:14":{"o":"https://subscribe.usatoday.com/checkout?gps-source=CPNBAR&itm_medium=onsite&itm_campaign=2026UFEBBAU2WB&itm_source=digital&itm_term=outmark&offerId=6MS&offer=W-TS&promotionCode=W-TS","i":"https://subscribe.usatoday.com/checkout?gps-source=CPNBAR&itm_medium=onsite&itm_campaign=2026UFEBBAU2WB&itm_source=digital&itm_term=inmark&offerId=6MS&offer=W-TS&promotionCode=W-TS"},"formerdigital:15":{"o":"https://subscribe.usatoday.com/checkout?gps-source=CPNBAR&itm_medium=onsite&itm_campaign=2026UFEBBAU2WB&itm_source=digital&itm_term=outmark&offerId=6MS&offer=W-TS&promotionCode=W-TS","i":"https://subscribe.usatoday.com/checkout?gps-source=CPNBAR&itm_medium=onsite&itm_campaign=2026UFEBBAU2WB&itm_source=digital&itm_term=inmark&offerId=6MS&offer=W-TS&promotionCode=W-TS"},"formerdigital:16":{"o":"https://subscribe.usatoday.com/checkout?gps-source=CPNBAR&itm_medium=onsite&itm_campaign=2026UFEBBAU2WB&itm_source=digital&itm_term=outmark&offerId=6MS&offer=W-TS&promotionCode=W-TS","i":"https://subscribe.usatoday.com/checkout?gps-source=CPNBAR&itm_medium=onsite&itm_campaign=2026UFEBBAU2WB&itm_source=digital&itm_term=inmark&offerId=6MS&offer=W-TS&promotionCode=W-TS"},"formerdigital:17":{"o":"https://subscribe.usatoday.com/checkout?gps-source=CPNBAR&itm_medium=onsite&itm_campaign=2026UFEBBAU2WB&itm_source=digital&itm_term=outmark&offerId=6MS&offer=W-TS&promotionCode=W-TS","i":"https://subscribe.usatoday.com/checkout?gps-source=CPNBAR&itm_medium=onsite&itm_campaign=2026UFEBBAU2WB&itm_source=digital&itm_term=inmark&offerId=6MS&offer=W-TS&promotionCode=W-TS"},"formerdigital:18":{"o":"https://subscribe.usatoday.com/checkout?gps-source=CPNBAR&itm_medium=onsite&itm_campaign=2026UFEBBAU2WB&itm_source=digital&itm_term=outmark&offerId=6MS&offer=W-TS&promotionCode=W-TS","i":"https://subscribe.usatoday.com/checkout?gps-source=CPNBAR&itm_medium=onsite&itm_campaign=2026UFEBBAU2WB&itm_source=digital&itm_term=inmark&offerId=6MS&offer=W-TS&promotionCode=W-TS"},"formerdigital:19":{"o":"https://subscribe.usatoday.com/checkout?gps-source=CPNBAR&itm_medium=onsite&itm_campaign=2026UFEBBAU2WB&itm_source=digital&itm_term=outmark&offerId=6MS&offer=W-TS&promotionCode=W-TS","i":"https://subscribe.usatoday.com/checkout?gps-source=CPNBAR&itm_medium=onsite&itm_campaign=2026UFEBBAU2WB&itm_source=digital&itm_term=inmark&offerId=6MS&offer=W-TS&promotionCode=W-TS"},"formerdigital:20":{"o":"https://subscribe.usatoday.com/checkout?gps-source=CPNBAR&itm_medium=onsite&itm_campaign=2026UFEBBAU2WB&itm_source=digital&itm_term=outmark&offerId=6MS&offer=W-TS&promotionCode=W-TS","i":"https://subscribe.usatoday.com/checkout?gps-source=CPNBAR&itm_medium=onsite&itm_campaign=2026UFEBBAU2WB&itm_source=digital&itm_term=inmark&offerId=6MS&offer=W-TS&promotionCode=W-TS"},"formerdigital":{"o":"https://subscribe.usatoday.com/checkout?gps-source=CPNBAR&itm_medium=onsite&itm_campaign=2026UFEBBAU2WB&itm_source=digital&itm_term=outmark&offerId=6MS&offer=W-TS&promotionCode=W-TS","i":"https://subscribe.usatoday.com/checkout?gps-source=CPNBAR&itm_medium=onsite&itm_campaign=2026UFEBBAU2WB&itm_source=digital&itm_term=inmark&offerId=6MS&offer=W-TS&promotionCode=W-TS"}}},c=d.r;if(c){let g=ca?.toLowerCase(),k=g;for(;k;){const q=c[k];if(q){d=q;break}if("control"===k||"control"===(k=k.substr(0,k.lastIndexOf(":"))))break;else if(!k){const p=g.indexOf(":");0<p&&(k="control"+g.substr(p))}}}K+=((b.nb.s=d).b?".gnt_nb{background-color:"+d.b+"}":"")+".gnt__mo .gnt_nb{width:calc(100% - var(--gnt-sw,0px));margin-right:var(--gnt-sw,0)}.gnt_nb_if{width:100%;height:80px;border:0}"};b.s=ja?Q?"sub":"reg":"anon";ja&&(Ka&&(A+="--gnt-uwn:'"+Ka.replace(/([\t\n\r'\\])/g,d=>({"\t":"\\9 ","\n":"\\A ","\r":"\\D ","'":"\\27 ","\\":"\\5C "})[d])+"';",w.setAttribute("data-u-n","")),w.setAttribute("data-u-s",b.s));;if(!f["gnt-d-wt"]){let d=a.gnt_w,c=f["gnt-t-wtt"],g=f["gnt-t-wtc"],k=f["gnt-t-wtf"],q=0;if(d)try{const p=v(d).split("~");;"f"===p[0]&&(b.wb=++q);c=c||p[q++];k=k||p[q++];g=g||p[q];}catch(p){z(10,p,d)}if(b.wt=c)b.wc=g,K+=`.gnt_n_wt::before{content:'${c}\u00b0F';width:40px}`+((b.wf=k)?`.gnt_n_wt::after{content:'';flex:none;width:28px;margin:0 0 0 4px;background:url('/tangstatic/svg/weather/${k}.svg')no-repeat}.gnt_n_wt:hover::after{opacity:.848}`:"")};
if(!f["gnt-disable-ms"]){const d=ca?.toLowerCase();let c=d;for(;c;){const g={"employees":{"m":" ","h":" ","a":" ","p":1},"formerdigital:11":{"a":"RESUBSCRIBE NOW"},"formerdigital:12":{"a":"RESUBSCRIBE NOW"},"formerdigital:13":{"a":"RESUBSCRIBE NOW"},"formerdigital:14":{"a":"RESUBSCRIBE NOW"},"formerdigital:15":{"a":"RESUBSCRIBE NOW"},"formerdigital:16":{"a":"RESUBSCRIBE NOW"},"formerdigital:17":{"a":"RESUBSCRIBE NOW"},"formerdigital:18":{"a":"RESUBSCRIBE NOW"},"formerdigital:19":{"a":"RESUBSCRIBE NOW"},"formerdigital:20":{"a":"RESUBSCRIBE NOW"},"formerdigital":{"a":"RESUBSCRIBE NOW"},"mpb_subscriber_hva-3":{"m":" ","h":" ","a":" "},"subscriber":{"m":" ","h":" ","a":" ","p":1}}[c];if(g){;g.m&&(A+="--gnt-sm-mm:'"+g.m+"';",b.mm=g.h);;g.a&&(A+="--gnt-sm-mt:'"+g.a+"';");;g.p&&(K+=".gnt_n_sm_a{display:flex!important;visibility:visible!important}");;break}if("control"===c||"control"===(c=c.substr(0,c.lastIndexOf(":"))))break;else if(!c){const k=d.indexOf(":");0<k&&(c="control"+d.substr(k))}}};
if(!f["gnt-d-sbo"]){const d=ca?.toLowerCase();let c=d;for(;c;){const g={"formerdigital:11":{"t":"Subscribe"},"formerdigital:12":{"t":"Subscribe"},"formerdigital:13":{"t":"Subscribe"},"formerdigital:14":{"t":"Subscribe"},"formerdigital:15":{"t":"Subscribe"},"formerdigital:16":{"t":"Subscribe"},"formerdigital:17":{"t":"Subscribe"},"formerdigital:18":{"t":"Subscribe"},"formerdigital:19":{"t":"Subscribe"},"formerdigital:20":{"t":"Subscribe"},"formerdigital":{"t":"Subscribe"},"mpb_subscriber_hva-3":{"t":"Subscribe"},"mpb_subscriber_hva-4":{"t":"Subscribe"},"mpb_subscriber_hva-5":{"t":"Subscribe"},"mpb_subscriber_hva-6":{"t":"Subscribe"},"mpb_subscriber_hva-7":{"t":"Subscribe"},"mpb_subscriber_hva-8":{"t":"Subscribe"},"mpb_subscriber_hva-9":{"t":"Subscribe"},"control":{"t":"Subscribe"}}[c];;if(g&&(Q&&g.p||!Q&&!g.p)){;h.sbto=g.u||g.t;A+="--gnt-sbtx:'"+g.t+"';";;break}if("control"===c||"control"===(c=c.substr(0,c.lastIndexOf(":"))))break;else if(!c){const k=d.indexOf(":");0<k&&(c="control"+d.substr(k))}}Q&&!h.sbto&&(A+="--gnt-sbvi:hidden;")};K&&e.el.appendCss(K);A&&(w.style.cssText+=";"+A);(function(){if(!f["gnt-d-gpp"]){var d={DE:7,FL:7,IA:7,IN:7,KY:7,MD:7,MN:7,MT:7,NE:7,NH:7,NJ:7,OR:7,RI:7,TN:7,TX:7,UT:7,CA:8,NV:8,VA:9,CO:10,CT:12};const R=ha?d[W]:!I&&d.CA;if(R){var c;let Ba,ka,va=0,ra=!0,Qa=0,ea,oa;function La(l){l=Object.assign({},l);for(const u in l)Array.isArray(l[u])&&
l.hasOwnProperty(u)&&(l[u]=Array.prototype.slice.call(l[u]));return l}const Ca=[1,2,3,5,8];d=["Version",6,0,1];var g=["SharingNotice",2,0,1],k=["SaleOptOutNotice",2,0,1],q=["SharingOptOutNotice",2,0,1],p=["TargetedAdvertisingOptOutNotice",2,0,1],G=["TargetedAdvertisingOptOut",2,0,2,1,1],E=["SensitiveDataLimitUseNotice",2],B=["SaleOptOut",2,0,2,1,1],U=["SharingOptOut",2,0,2,1,1],S="SensitiveDataProcessing",T="KnownChildSensitiveDataConsents",O=[S,2,8],pa=[T,2],sa=[T,2,2],ta=["PersonalDataConsents",
2,0,2,1],J=["MspaCoveredTransaction",2,0,2],la=["MspaOptOutOptionMode",2],ma=["MspaServiceProviderMode",2];const wa={7:{a:"usnat",f:[d,g,k,q,p,["SensitiveDataProcessingOptOutNotice",2],E,B,U,G,[S,2,12],sa,ta,J,la,ma],g:1,h:{DE:1,MD:1,MN:1,MT:1,OR:1,NE:1,NH:1,NJ:1,TX:1}[W]},8:{a:"usca",f:[d,k,q,E,B,U,[S,2,9],sa,ta,J,la,ma],g:1,h:1},9:{a:"usva",f:[d,g,k,p,B,G,O,pa,J,la,ma]},10:{a:"usco",f:[d,g,k,p,B,G,[S,2,7],pa,J,la,ma],g:1,h:1},12:{a:"usct",f:[d,g,k,p,B,G,O,[T,2,3],J,la,ma],g:1,h:1}},X=[],Y={};d=
Object.freeze;g=!!t.globalPrivacyControl;k=f["gnt-t-otoo"];q=f["gnt-t-otgppc"];E=a.OptanonConsent;p=q||a.OTGPPConsent;G=k||E&&-1<(c=E.indexOf("groups="))&&(-1<(c="%2C"+E.substr(c+7)).indexOf("%2C4%3A0")||-1<c.indexOf("%2C5%3A0"));const Ra=e.gpp=function(l,u,r){"function"===typeof u&&(l&&"string"===typeof l&&ra?"ping"===l?u(xa(),!0):"addEventListener"===l?u({eventName:"listenerRegistered",data:Number.isSafeInteger(va),listenerId:va++,pingData:xa()},!0):"removeEventListener"===l?u({eventName:"listenerRemoved",
data:Number.isInteger(r)&&r<va,listenerId:va++,pingData:xa()},!0):"hasSection"===l?u(!!Y[r],!0):"getSection"===l?u(Y[r]?La(Y[r]):null,Y[r]!==oa):"getField"===l&&(l=r&&"string"===typeof r?r.split("."):[],r=Y[l[0]],l="GpcSegmentIncluded"===l[1]?!!(r&&"Gpc"in r||oa):r?.[l[1]],r=l!==oa,u(r?Array.isArray(l)?Array.prototype.slice.apply(l):l:null,r)):u(null,!1))};function xa(){const l={};for(const u in Y)Y.hasOwnProperty(u)&&(l[u]=La(Y[u]));return{gppVersion:"1.1",cmpStatus:"loaded",signalStatus:"ready",
cmpId:28,supportedAPIs:["7:usnat","8:usca","9:usva","10:usco","12:usct"],sectionList:Array.prototype.slice.call(X),applicableSections:[R],parsedSections:l,gppString:ka}}function Da(l,u){return Number.prototype.toString.call(l,2).padStart(u,"0")}function Ea(l){let u="1",r=4,y;for(;0<=r;r--)l>=Ca[r]?(l-=Ca[r],y=1,u="1"+u):y&&(u="0"+u);return u}function Ma(l){let u=[],r=0,y=0,x,L,V;for(;r<l.length;){for(x=r;x<l.length-1&&l[x]+1===l[x+1];)x++;u.push(l.slice(r,r=++x))}V=Da(x=u.length,12);for(r=0;r<x;r++)L=
(l=u[r][0])-y,y=l,1===u[r].length?V+="0"+Ea(L):(V+="1"+Ea(L)+Ea((l=u[r][u[r].length-1])-y),y=l);return V}function ua(l,u=0){let r="",y=0,x=l.length+u,L=x%8;L&&(l=l.padEnd(x=x+8-L,"0"));if(L=x%6)l=l.padEnd(x=x+6-L,"0");for(x-=u;y<x-1;)r+="ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789-_"[parseInt(l.slice(y,y+=6),2)];return r}function Fa(l,u){l=wa[l];let r="",y;for(const x of l.f)if(y=u[x[0]],x[2])for(let L=0,V=x[2];L<V;L++)r+=0===y[L]?"00":1===y[L]?"01":"10";else r+=2===x[1]?0===y?
"00":1===y?"01":"10":Da(y,x[1]);return l.g?ua(r)+"."+ua("01"+(u.Gpc?"1":"0")):ua(r)}if(p?.startsWith("DB")&&"DBAA"!==p){var N=p.split("~");c=N[0];if(4<c.length){function l(y){if(y){let x="";for(const L of y)r.hasOwnProperty(L)?x+=Da(r[L],6):ra=!1;return x}return""}function u(y){let x=y.length-1,L=0,V=0;for(;V<x;V++)"1"===y[V]&&(L+=Ca[V]);return L}const r={A:0,B:1,C:2,D:3,E:4,F:5,G:6,H:7,I:8,J:9,K:10,L:11,M:12,N:13,O:14,P:15,Q:16,R:17,S:18,T:19,U:20,V:21,W:22,X:23,Y:24,Z:25,a:26,b:27,c:28,d:29,e:30,
f:31,g:32,h:33,i:34,j:35,k:36,l:37,m:38,n:39,o:40,p:41,q:42,r:43,s:44,t:45,u:46,v:47,w:48,x:49,y:50,z:51,0:52,1:53,2:54,3:55,4:56,5:57,6:58,7:59,8:60,9:61,"-":62,_:63};U=l(c.slice(4));S=parseInt(l(c.slice(2,4)),2);B=E=c=0;for(var Z;E++<S;)if(O="1"===U[c++],T=U.indexOf("11",c),B=u(U.slice(c,c=T+2))+B,O)for(T=U.indexOf("11",c),O=B,B=u(U.slice(c,c=T+2))+B;O<=B;O++)X.push(O);else X.push(B);if(U=!X.includes(R))X.push(R),X.sort((y,x)=>y-x),N[0]="DB"+ua(Ma(X),12),Z=1;E=1;for(var fa of X)if(S=wa[fa],O=(T=
fa===R)&&U?"":N[E++]||"",S&&ra){pa=O.indexOf(".");sa=-1<pa;ta=l(sa?O.slice(0,pa):O);J=Y[S.a]={};la=!!(g&&S.h||G);T&&(Ba=J);c=0;for(var M of S.f)if(M[2]){ma=0;let y=M[2],x=J[M[0]]=[];for(;ma++<y;)B=ta.slice(c,c+=2).padEnd(2,"0"),x.push("00"===B?0:"01"===B?1:2);d(x)}else B=ta.slice(c,c+=M[1]),J[M[0]]=2===M[1]?"00"===B?0:"01"===B?1:"10"===B?2:M[3]||0:parseInt(B,2)||M[3],M[5]&&J[M[0]]===M[4]&&(ea=!0),T&&la&&(ea=!0,M[4]!==oa&&J[M[0]]!==M[4]&&(J[M[0]]=M[4],Z=1));1<J.Version&&e.cc("ps.v","h9e22",J.Version,
0,7);S.g&&(J.GpcSegmentType=1,B=sa&&(B=O[pa+1])?"1"===l(B)[2]:oa,T&&B!==g?(J.Gpc=g,Z=1):J.Gpc=B||!1);T&&(ea&&(b.co=ea),Z&&(U?N.splice(E++,0,Fa(R,J)):N[E-1]=Fa(R,J)));d(J)}ka=Z?N.join("~"):p}else ra=!1}else if(Z=wa[R]){fa=Ba=Y[Z.a]={};ea=b.co=!!(g&&Z.h||G);for(N of Z.f)if(N[2]){M=0;G=N[2];for(c=fa[N[0]]=[];M++<G;)c.push(0);d(c)}else fa[N[0]]=ea&&N[4]!==oa?N[4]:N[3]||0;Z.g&&(fa.GpcSegmentType=1,fa.Gpc=g);X[0]=R;ka="DB"+ua(Ma(X),12)+"~"+Fa(R,d(fa))}h.gpca=!!wa[R].h;h.gpps=ka;h.gppas=R;ra?(e.gpppd=xa,
h.gppaps=Ba,ka&&I&&!q&&!k&&(e.cs({name:"OTGPPConsent",value:ka,ma:31536E3,path:"/",priority:"high",ax:1}))):(b.co=ea=!0,h.gppf=1,z(17,"df",p));try{Object.defineProperty(e.w,"__gpp",{enumerable:!0,value:function(l,u,r,y){!ea&&e.cd&&100>Qa++&&e.cd({m:"gc",stack:Error().stack},"h9e18",y,{b:l,c:r,d:!!u},
7);Ra(l,u,r,y)}})}catch(l){z(14,l)}}else h.gpca=!!da}})()}
try{const e=Object,f=e.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(Document.prototype,"cookie"),a=f?.get,m=f?.set,t=g$.d,v=window.queueMicrotask,w=g$.hp;if(m&&!w["gnt-d-cp"]){if(g$.sc=function(C){m.call(t,C)},f.configurable&&v&&!w["gnt-d-qmt"]){let C,D={},F=!1,z=!0;const h=function(){z=!0;C=void 0;F&&(F=!1,D={})};e.defineProperty(t,"cookie",{configurable:!0,enumerable:!0,get:function(){z&&(v(h),z=!1);return C||=a.call(t)},set:function(b){if("string"===typeof b){z&&(v(h),z=!1);var n=b.indexOf("=");n=-1<n?b.substr(0,
n):"";"_ga"===n&&-1<b.indexOf("="+g$.ic[n]+";")&&g$.l.host.endsWith(".newschief.com")&&!gnt.bt||n.startsWith("krg_")||D[n]===b||(F=!0,0>b.substr(b.indexOf(";")+1).toLowerCase().indexOf("secure")&&(b+=";secure"),m.call(t,D[n]=b),C=void 0)}}})}}else g$.sc=function(C){t.cookie=C}}catch(e){g$.cc(e,"5325")}
if(!g$.hp["gnt-d-lo"])try{let e;const f=g$.de,a=new MutationObserver(function(){f.lang!==e&&(e=g$.pgl=f.lang,m("update"))});"en-US"!==(e=g$.pgl=f.lang)&&m("pageload");function m(t){gnt.a7s.tq.push({mo:"lang obs",na:"content_"+t,de:t,da:e})}a.observe(f,{attributeFilter:["lang"]})}catch(e){g$.cc(e,"h6q1")};
{const e=g$.w._taboola||(g$.w._taboola=[]);;e.push({article:"auto"})};
  (g$.nv.share||g$.hp["gnt-enable-shareapi"])&&g$.de.setAttribute("data-ss-sa","");

;{const b=gnt,c=b.ent?.[12],a=g$,d=a.l,e=d.host;c&&a.nce&&b.storage&&"https:"===d.protocol&&(e.endsWith(".usatoday.com")||e.endsWith(".gannettdigital.com"))&&!a.hp["gnt-d-ht"]&&_taboola.push({pubExperiment:b.entv=(gnt.thc=1>c&&0>a.ua?.indexOf("Taboolabot"))?"01A":"01B"})};
g$.de.classList.remove("gnt__njs");
;;if(gnt.lr=!g$.hp["gnt-d-lr"])try{Object.defineProperty(window,"ats",{value:{}})}catch(e){g$.cc(e,"h7u1")};</script><style>html{margin:0;padding:0;background:#fff;-webkit-tap-highlight-color:#0098FE66;overflow-y:scroll;-webkit-text-size-adjust:none;text-size-adjust:none}body{overflow:visible!important;margin:0;padding:0;background:unset;font:10px/13px 'Helvetica Neue','Arial Nova',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif}img:not([src]):not([srcset]){visibility:hidden}img:-moz-loading{visibility:hidden}:focus{outline-color:#0098fe}.gnt_cw{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:stretch;width:980px;margin:20px auto 0;padding:0 10px;flex-shrink:0;background:#fff;position:relative}.gnt_pr{width:660px;margin:0 auto 0 0}.gnt_rr{contain:layout;overflow-anchor:none;width:300px;--gnt-x-nbh:80px;margin-top:42px}@media (min-width:1200px){.gnt_cw{align-content:start;width:1020px;min-height:480px;margin:30px auto 0;padding:0 60px}}body>iframe:not(#gt-nvframe,#credential_picker_iframe),body>img,html>iframe,html>img{display:none!important}.gnt_ar_hl{margin:12px 0;color:#303030;font:600 36px/40px'Unify Sans','Helvetica Neue','Arial Nova',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:550}.gnt_bc{min-width:1000px;height:20px;margin:0 0 -20px}@media (min-width:1200px){.gnt_bc{height:480px;margin:0 0 -480px}}.gnt_cw_w{isolation:isolate;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;min-width:1000px}.gnt_cw_sl{overflow-anchor:none;width:calc(50% - 500px);outline:0}.gnt_cw_sl__ed{order:3}.gnt_xbr{display:none}@media (min-width:1200px){.gnt_cw_sl{width:calc(50% - 570px)}.gnt_xbr{overflow-anchor:none;display:block;width:0}.gnt_ar_xb{display:inline-block;position:sticky;top:267px;transform:translate(36px,-15px);width:36px;height:36px;margin:0 0 -17px;border:4px solid #fff;border-radius:50%;background:#303030}.gnt__hx .gnt_ar_xb{transform:translate(36px,-92px)}.gnt__hnb .gnt_ar_xb{top:187px}.gnt_ar_xb::before{content:'';position:absolute;top:17px;left:10px;transform:rotate(45deg);width:16px;height:2px;background:#fff}.gnt_ar_xb::after{content:'';position:absolute;top:17px;left:10px;transform:rotate(-45deg);width:16px;height:2px;background:#fff}.gnt_ar_xb:hover{background:#000}}html:not(.gnt__njs) .gnt__hbd{display:none;background:unset}.gnt_ar_fyt{display:inline-flex;flex:1 1 auto;justify-content:end;align-items:center;position:relative;z-index:4;margin:0;-webkit-user-select:none;user-select:none}.gnt_ar_fyt_t{overflow:hidden;overflow:clip;justify-content:space-between;display:-webkit-box;max-height:36px;margin:0 20px 0 40px;padding:0;color:#303030;font:700 16px/18px 'Helvetica Neue','Arial Nova',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;-webkit-line-clamp:2;-webkit-box-orient:vertical}.gnt_ar_fyt_b_w{transform:translate3d(0,0,0);contain:layout size;display:flex;flex-shrink:0;justify-content:center;align-items:center;width:107px;height:32px;margin:0;border-radius:16px;background:#1665cf}.gnt_ar_fyt_b{display:none;width:107px;height:32px;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;border-radius:16px;background:0 0;color:#fff;font:700 14px/30px 'Helvetica Neue','Arial Nova',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale;-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent;-webkit-touch-callout:none;touch-action:manipulation;cursor:pointer}.gnt_ar_fyt_b__rd,[data-u-s=anon] .gnt_ar_fyt_b{display:block}.gnt_ar_fyt_b__ad{padding-right:16px;background:url('data:image/svg+xml;utf8,<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 12 9" fill="%23FFF"><path d="M2.73 7.08v.01l1.74 1.75c.04.04.1.04.15 0l6.29-6.3A1.29 1.29 0 1 0 9.09.73L4.55 5.27 2.73 3.45A1.29 1.29 0 0 0 .92 5.27l1.81 1.82Z"/></svg>') no-repeat 71px 12px/12px 9px}.gnt_ar_fyt_b__at{padding-right:10px;background:url('data:image/svg+xml;utf8,<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 8 8" fill="%23FFF"><path d="M4 0a1 1 0 0 0-1 1v2H1a1 1 0 0 0 0 2h2v2a1 1 0 0 0 2 0V5h2a1 1 0 0 0 0-2H5V1a1 1 0 0 0-1-1Z"/></svg>') no-repeat 86px 12px/8px 8px}.gnt_ar_fyt_b__ip{pointer-events:none}.gnt_ar_fyt_mb{box-shadow:0 4px 4px #00000038;position:absolute;top:43px;right:-42px;z-index:100;width:159px;padding:16px;border-radius:4px;background:#303030;color:#fff;font:14px/18px 'Helvetica Neue','Arial Nova',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale}.gnt_ar_fyt_mb::before{content:'';position:absolute;top:-3px;left:89px;width:0;height:0;border-left:6px solid transparent;border-right:6px solid transparent;border-bottom:4px solid #303030}.gnt_ar_fyt_mb_a{color:#fff;font-weight:700;text-decoration-color:#0098FE;text-underline-offset:3px}.gnt_ar_fyt_mb_bt{display:block;height:24px;margin:16px 0 0;padding:0 12px;border:1px solid #fff;border-radius:12px;background:0 0;color:#fff;font:700 12px/12px 'Helvetica Neue','Arial Nova',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;touch-action:manipulation;cursor:pointer}.gnt_ft{width:880px;height:824px;margin:-10px auto 0;padding:0 10px;color:#303030;-webkit-user-select:none;user-select:none}.gnt_ft_lw{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;margin:56px 0 -615px}.gnt_ft_ls{display:flex;flex-flow:column;width:196px}.gnt_ft_ls::before{content:attr(aria-label);margin:0 0 -1px;font:700 14px/16px 'Helvetica Neue','Arial Nova',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif}.gnt_ft_a{margin:16px auto 0 -2px;padding:0 2px;border:0;background:0 0;color:#303030;font:14px/18px 'Georgia Pro',Georgia,'Droid Serif',serif;text-decoration:none;text-align:left;cursor:pointer}.gnt_ft_a:hover{color:#000}.gnt_ft_a__cd{display:none}.gnt_ft_a__yp{padding-left:33px;background:url(/tangstatic/svg/leghorn/your-privacy-check-q1a2z33d5dfed9.svg) no-repeat 0 3px/26px 12px}.gnt_ft_cr{padding:644px 0 110px;font:12px/14px 'Georgia Pro',Georgia,'Droid Serif',serif;text-align:center}@media (min-width:1200px){.gnt_ft{padding:0 60px}}.gnt_x__c{background-color:#f8f8f8}.gnt_x_sl{contain:content;transform:translate3d(0,0,0);width:300px;min-height:250px;margin:auto;position:relative}.gnt_x__lbl::before{content:'Advertisement';color:#626262;font:10px/28px 'Unify Sans','Helvetica Neue','Arial Nova',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;height:28px;display:block;text-align:center}.gnt_x__lh::before{opacity:0}.gnt_x_sl_gpt:empty{display:none!important}.gnt_x_sl_gpt_if{content-visibility:auto}.gnt_x__bv{width:660px;height:117.5px;margin:15px 0 0;clear:both}.gnt_x_bv{width:728px;height:90px;min-height:unset;transform:scale(.9065) translate3d(0,0,0);transform-origin:0 0}.gnt_x__bvnh{margin-bottom:-9px}.gnt_x__bvd{position:fixed;top:unset;right:0;bottom:calc(-1 * var(--gnt-pu,0px));width:400px;height:60px;z-index:5;display:flex;justify-content:center;margin:0}.gnt_x_bvd{width:320px;height:50px;min-height:50px;transform:unset}.gnt_x__st{position:sticky;top:200px;padding:0 0 8px}.gnt__hnb .gnt_x__st{top:120px}.gnt_x_sl__st{transform:unset}.gnt_rr_xst{height:1086px;margin:27px 0 73px}.gnt_x_lb{contain:strict;overflow:hidden;transform:translate3d(0,0,0);width:728px!important;height:90px!important;margin:0 auto;padding:0 0 8px}.gnt_x__lb{margin:46px auto}.gnt_x_sl_if{content-visibility:auto;border:0}.gnt__hx .gnt_flp,.gnt__hx .gnt_rr_xpst,.gnt__hx .gnt_x__c,.gnt__hx .gnt_x_w{display:none}.gnt__hx .gnt_n_w_w{margin:0}.gnt_x__hi{contain:layout;margin:0 0 18px;min-height:286px}.gnt_x_hi{content-visibility:auto;width:970px;height:250px;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;margin-bottom:8px}.gnt_rr_xpst{margin:0 auto 33px;height:636px}.gnt_x__pf{position:sticky!important;top:200px;padding:0 0 8px;margin:0}.gnt__hnb .gnt_x__pf{top:120px}.gnt_x_p{contain:layout}.gnt_x__al{height:426px;margin:14px auto 32px;max-height:426px;clear:both}.gnt_x_al{contain:strict;overflow:hidden;overflow:clip;width:initial;background-color:unset;height:390px;max-height:390px;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:center;flex-direction:column;position:relative;z-index:1}.gnt_x_al_gpt{position:absolute;top:0}@media (width < 750px){.gnt_x__dah{display:none}}.gnt_x__dah{position:fixed;z-index:9999992;bottom:0;left:0;min-width:320px;min-height:50px;margin:0;padding:5px}.gnt_x_dah{width:unset;min-height:unset;max-width:970px;max-height:90px}.gnt_x__mtm{width:100%;min-width:1000px}.gnt_x_sl_gpt__mtm{width:100%!important}.gnt_x_sl_gpt_f__mtm{width:100%}.gnt_x__h{display:none}.gnt_n{contain:layout size;overflow-anchor:none;box-sizing:border-box;position:sticky;z-index:9999999;top:80px;margin:80px 0 0;min-width:1000px;height:80px;padding:52px 0 0;background:#fff;-webkit-user-select:none;user-select:none}.gnt__hnb .gnt_n{top:0;margin:0}.gnt_n_fl{display:flex;max-width:896px;width:calc(100% - 309px);height:52px;margin:-52px auto 0;padding:0 4px 0 0}.gnt_n_fl_l{overflow:hidden;flex-direction:column;width:calc(200 / 896 * 100%);height:40px;margin:0 calc(32 / 896 * 100%) 0 0;border-top:5px solid #0098fe;color:#303030;font:700 14px/1 'Unify Sans','Helvetica Neue','Arial Nova',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;text-decoration:none;text-overflow:ellipsis;white-space:nowrap}.gnt_n_fl_l:hover{color:#000}.gnt_n_fl_l::before{content:attr(data-c-lbl);display:block;color:#626262;font-size:10px;line-height:20px}.gnt_n_fl_l__li{margin:0}.gnt_n_lg{display:block;width:100%;height:100%;outline-offset:-7px}.gnt_n_lg_w{position:absolute;z-index:1;top:0;left:0;width:147.14100000000002px;height:52px;padding:0 0 0 calc(50% - 683px)}.gnt_n_lg_svg{box-sizing:border-box;display:block;width:100%;height:100%;padding:10px 29px}.gnt_n_sb{opacity:0;box-sizing:border-box;z-index:-1;position:absolute;height:100%;width:147.14100000000002px;outline-offset:-7px;margin:0;padding:5px 0 4px;border:0;background:#fff;color:#303030;font:12px/1 'Unify Sans','Helvetica Neue','Arial Nova',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;white-space:nowrap;pointer-events:none}.gnt_n_sb:focus{opacity:1;z-index:1;min-width:147px;background-clip:content-box;touch-action:manipulation;cursor:pointer;pointer-events:auto}.gnt_n_sb:focus::before{content:'Skip to main content'}.gnt_n_mn{contain:layout size;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;height:28px;padding:0 calc(50% - 599px);background:#303030;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale}.gnt_n_mn_l{overflow:hidden;padding:0 10px;color:#fff;font:700 12px/28px 'Unify Sans','Helvetica Neue','Arial Nova',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;text-decoration:none;white-space:nowrap}.gnt_n_mn_l__fi{margin:0 0 0 19px}.gnt_n_mn_ce:hover{color:#e0e0e0;fill:#E0E0E0}.gnt_n_dd_bt{height:28px;margin:0 0 0 8px;padding:5px;border:0;background:0 0;color:#fff;fill:#FFF;touch-action:manipulation;cursor:pointer}.gnt_n_dd_bt_svg{width:10px;height:6px;padding:4px 8px;border-style:solid;border-width:2px;border-radius:9px}.gnt_n_dd__sz{display:none}.gnt_n_se_a{display:flex;width:24px;height:24px;margin:0 9px 0 5px;padding:2px;fill:#FFF}.gnt_n_se_a_svg{width:24px}.gnt_n_wt{display:flex;flex:none;justify-content:space-between;width:69px;margin:0 8px 0 0;padding:0 4px 0 0;border-top:5px solid transparent;border-bottom:5px solid transparent;color:#fff;font:700 12px/18px 'Unify Sans','Helvetica Neue','Arial Nova',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-color:#0098FE;text-decoration-thickness:2px;text-underline-offset:1px;text-align:right}.gnt_n_us{display:flex;width:calc(31% + 51px)}.gnt_n_us_sb{display:block;visibility:var(--gnt-sbvi, 'visible');overflow:hidden;overflow:clip;white-space:nowrap;padding:0 8px;flex-shrink:0;width:74px;background:#1665cf;color:#fff;font:700 12px/28px 'Unify Sans','Helvetica Neue','Arial Nova',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;text-decoration:none;text-align:center}.gnt_n_us_sb::after{content:var(--gnt-sbtx, 'Subscribe')}.gnt_n_us_sb:hover{background:#0a32a0}.gnt_n_us_a{display:flex;flex:1;margin:0 0 0 14px;padding:0 29px 0 6px;fill:#FFF;color:#fff;font:700 12px/28px 'Unify Sans','Helvetica Neue','Arial Nova',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-color:#0098FE;text-decoration-skip-ink:none;text-decoration-thickness:2px;text-underline-offset:1px;text-align:left;white-space:nowrap}.gnt_n_us_a::before{content:'Sign In'}[data-u-n] .gnt_n_us_a::before{content:'Hi, ' var(--gnt-uwn);overflow:hidden;max-width:102px;text-overflow:ellipsis}.gnt_n_us_a_svg{width:10px;height:26px;padding:2px 0 0 6px}.gnt_n_sm{position:absolute;top:0;right:0;margin:0 10px 0 0;padding:0 calc(50% - 683px) 0 0}.gnt_n_sm_a{display:flex;flex-flow:column;justify-content:center;width:140px;height:52px;outline-offset:-2px;color:#303030;font:700 12px/14px 'Helvetica Neue','Arial Nova',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;text-align:center;text-decoration:none}.gnt_n_sm_a::after{content:var(--gnt-sm-mm, '$1 for the first 6 months')}.gnt_n_sm_a::before{content:var(--gnt-sm-mt, 'SUBSCRIBE NOW');margin:0 0 2px;color:#1665cf;font:700 16px/18px 'Unify Sans','Helvetica Neue','Arial Nova',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif}[data-u-s=anon] [data-u-sr]:not([data-u-sr~=anon]),[data-u-s=reg] [data-u-sr]:not([data-u-sr~=reg]),[data-u-s=sub] [data-u-sr]:not([data-u-sr~=sub]),html:not([data-u-s]) [data-u-sr]{visibility:hidden;display:none}@media (min-width:1200px){.gnt_n_fl{padding:0}.gnt_n_fl_l{font-size:16px}.gnt_n_mn_l{font-size:14px}.gnt_n_se_a{margin:0 16px 0 10px}.gnt_n_wt{width:74px;margin:0 20px 0 3px;font-size:14px;line-height:16px}.gnt_n_us{display:flex;width:calc(27.4% + 83px)}}@media (min-width:1250px){.gnt_n_sm{margin:0 17px 0 0}}.gnt_x__prmt{height:371px!important}.gnt_x_sl_gpt_if__prmt{height:100%}.gnt_nb{contain:strict;position:fixed;top:0;z-index:9999998;width:100%;min-width:1000px;height:81px;margin:0;background-color:#000}.gnt_ar_b{position:relative;margin:6px 0 0;color:#303030;font:20px/30px 'Georgia Pro',Georgia,'Droid Serif',serif}.gnt_ar_b_p{overflow-wrap:break-word;margin:20px 0}.gnt_ar_b_p:first-child{margin-top:0}.gnt_ar_b_a{color:#1d5a82;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-color:#7FBDFF;text-decoration-thickness:1px;text-underline-offset:4px}.gnt_ar_b_a:hover{color:#1665cf}.gnt_ar_b_ul{overflow-wrap:break-word;list-style:none;padding:0 0 0 30px}.gnt_ar_b_ul_li::before{content:'';position:absolute;display:inline-block;width:6px;height:6px;margin:11px 6px 3px -12px;background:#000;text-align:right}.gnt_ar_b_mt{overflow-wrap:break-word;clear:right;margin:12px 0;padding-top:20px;border-top:1px solid #c2c2c2;color:#303030;font:600 24px/26px 'Unify Sans','Helvetica Neue','Arial Nova',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif}.gnt_ar_s{position:absolute;top:0;width:100%;height:25%;pointer-events:none}.gnt_ar_s25{top:25%}.gnt_ar_s50{top:50%}.gnt_ar_s75{top:75%}.gnt_ar_s100{top:100%;height:1px}.gnt_em_vp__tp{display:flex;flex-flow:column;clear:both;width:660px;min-height:371.25px;margin:30px 0}.gnt_em_vp_w{contain:size;position:relative;width:660px;height:371.25px}.gnt_em_vh{margin:8px 0 11px;font:600 16px/19px 'Unify Sans','Helvetica Neue','Arial Nova',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:550}.gnt_em_vh::before{content:attr(data-c-et);overflow:hidden;display:-webkit-box;-webkit-line-clamp:inherit;-webkit-box-orient:vertical}.gnt_em_vb{overflow:hidden;display:-webkit-box;margin:8px 0 11px;font:12px/15px 'Unify Sans','Helvetica Neue','Arial Nova',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;-webkit-line-clamp:inherit;-webkit-box-orient:vertical}.gnt_em_vb::before{content:attr(aria-label) ' '}.gnt_em_vb::after{content:attr(data-c-credit);font-style:italic}.gnt_em_vb__he{margin-top:-7px}.gnt_em_vp_c{contain:strict;position:absolute;bottom:0;width:100%;height:100%}.gnt_em_vp_c[data-g-s=vp_dk]{position:fixed;z-index:5;bottom:60px;right:0;width:400px;height:250px;background:#303030}.gnt_em_vp_db{display:none}[data-g-s=vp_dk] .gnt_em_vp_db{display:flex;position:absolute;right:0;height:25px;margin:0;padding:6px;border:none;outline-offset:-4px;background:0;fill:#FFF;color:#fff;touch-action:manipulation;cursor:pointer}.gnt_em_vp_db:hover{fill:#E0E0E0!important;color:#e0e0e0!important}.gnt_em_vp_db::before{content:'CLOSE';padding:1px 6px 0 4px;font:11px/13px 'Unify Sans','Helvetica Neue','Arial Nova',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif}.gnt_em_vp_db_svg{width:13px;height:13px}.gnt_em_vp_c_pl__ec{overflow:hidden;position:absolute!important;bottom:0;left:0;width:100%;height:0;padding:0 0 56.25%;background:#000}.pbs__player{position:relative}.pb-stream{isolation:isolate;overflow:hidden;overflow:clip!important}.pbs:not(:fullscreen) .pb-stream{width:auto!important}.__exco_root_container{position:relative;background-color:#000}.__exco_content_container{overflow:hidden;overflow:clip!important}.exp-ui__wrapper{background:0 0!important}.__exco_content_video{display:block;width:100%;max-width:100%;aspect-ratio:16/9}div.exp-ui__wrapper.falcon.exp-ui__state__hovered:not(.exp-ui__state__ad-playing){background:linear-gradient(0deg,rgba(0,0,0,.8) 0,rgba(0,0,0,0) 30%)!important}@supports (aspect-ratio:16 / 9){.pbs:not(:fullscreen) .pb-stream{height:auto!important;aspect-ratio:16/9}}.gnt_m_dl{padding:10px 0 12px;border-top:2px solid;color:#303030;border-color:#0098fe;font:600 24px/26px 'Unify Sans','Helvetica Neue','Arial Nova',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:550;-webkit-user-select:none;user-select:none}.gnt_flp{contain:content;min-height:300px}.gnt_flp_t{display:none;margin:0 0 24px}.gnt_ar_by{display:inline-flex;position:relative;min-height:48px;padding-left:60px;justify-content:center;margin:0 6px 3px 0;flex-flow:column wrap}.gnt_ar_by_a{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;margin:0 6px 0 0;color:#303030;font:700 16px/20px 'Unify Sans','Helvetica Neue','Arial Nova',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-color:#0098FE;text-decoration-thickness:2px;text-underline-offset:2px}.gnt_ar_by_i{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:48px;height:48px;border-radius:24px}.gnt_ar_by_a:hover{color:#000}.gnt_ar_pb{display:inline;order:4;margin:4px 0 0;color:#303030;font:16px/20px 'Georgia Pro',Georgia,'Droid Serif',serif}.gnt_ar_dt{margin:4px 0;color:#626262;font:12px/14px 'Unify Sans','Helvetica Neue','Arial Nova',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif}.gnt_ar_lbw{display:flex;align-items:center;min-width:0;width:660px;margin-top:32px}.gnt_ar_lbw_iw{display:flex;flex-flow:row;align-items:center}.gnt_ar_lbw_iw__fc{margin-bottom:10px}.gnt_ar_lbl{display:inline-flex;flex:1 1 auto;align-items:flex-end;min-width:0;white-space:nowrap;font:700 14px/13px'Unify Sans','Helvetica Neue','Arial Nova',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;-webkit-user-select:none;user-select:none}.gnt_ar_lbl_a{display:inline;overflow:hidden;overflow:clip;text-overflow:ellipsis;white-space:nowrap;padding:1px 2px 3px;margin:1px 0 2px;color:#0a32a0;font:700 14px/13px'Unify Sans','Helvetica Neue','Arial Nova',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-color:#0A32A0;text-decoration-thickness:2px;text-underline-offset:2px;text-align:center}.gnt_ar_lbl_a:hover{color:#0a2149}.gnt_em_t{width:100%;margin:3px 0 11px;color:#303030}.gnt_em_t::before{content:attr(data-c-et);display:block;width:100%;padding:5px 0 4px;font:600 16px/19px'Unify Sans','Helvetica Neue','Arial Nova',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:550}.gnt_em_t__hb::after{content:attr(aria-label);display:block;font:12px/15px 'Unify Sans','Helvetica Neue','Arial Nova',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif}.gnt_em_gl{contain:content;display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;clear:both;max-width:660px;margin:30px 0;text-decoration:none}.gnt_em_gl_i{width:660px;height:372px;background:#000}.gnt_em_gl_i_svg{z-index:1;width:36px;height:36px;padding:14px;margin:-64px 0 0;background:#0098fe;fill:#FFF}.gnt_em_gl_vg{display:flex;z-index:2;width:100%;height:36px;border-top:4px solid #0098fe;background:#303030;color:#fff;font:700 14px/18px 'Unify Sans','Helvetica Neue','Arial Nova',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale}.gnt_em_gl_vg::before{content:attr(data-c-tc) ' Photos';margin:9px auto 0 15px}.gnt_em_gl_vg::after{content:'VIEW GALLERY';margin:10px 0 0;font-size:12px}.gnt_em_gl_vg_svg{order:2;width:24px;height:24px;margin:6px 14px 0 6px;fill:#FFF}.gnt_em__el::after{content:'';width:105px;height:1px;background:#0098fe}.gnt_ss{display:flex;margin-left:-8px}.gnt_ss_a{width:1em;height:1em;padding:4px;margin:1px 5px 1px 3px;font-size:24px;cursor:pointer}.gnt_ss_a__sa{box-sizing:content-box;border:0;background:0 0;touch-action:manipulation}.gnt_ss_a_svg{display:block;width:1em;height:1em}html:not([data-ss-sa]) [data-ss-a=s]{display:none}.gnt_em_ifg{contain:layout size;position:relative;clear:both;max-width:660px;margin:30px auto}.gnt_em_ifg_if{overflow:hidden;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;height:100%;width:100%;border:0}.gnt_em_ifg_ph{display:block;width:100%;height:100%}.gnt_em_anc{contain:content;clear:both;min-height:202px}.gnt_em__fp{margin-top:0}.gnt_em__lp{margin-bottom:24px}.gnt_m_fs{border:6px solid #0098fe;padding:14px 16px 16px;margin:15px 0 36px;color:#303030;font:700 italic 14px/16px 'Georgia Pro',Georgia,'Droid Serif',serif}.gnt_m_fs::before{content:"We're always working to improve your experience. "}.gnt_m_fs_a{color:#303030;text-decoration-color:#0098FE;text-underline-offset:2px;text-decoration-thickness:2px}.gnt_m_fs_a:hover{color:#000}.gnt_m_fs_a::after{content:'Let us know what you think.'}.gnt__mo{overflow:hidden;overflow:clip;margin-right:var(--gnt-sw,0);pointer-events:none;-webkit-user-select:none;user-select:none}.gnt_tbb{isolation:isolate;contain:content;clear:right;transform:translate3d(0,0,0);min-height:600px;margin-top:44px;font:initial;-webkit-user-select:none;user-select:none}.gnt_tbr{contain:strict;content-visibility:auto;transform:translate3d(0,0,0);height:319px!important;margin:0 auto 32px;-webkit-user-select:none;user-select:none}@media print{.gnt_bc,.gnt_em,.gnt_ft,.gnt_n_fl,.gnt_n_mn,.gnt_n_sm,.gnt_nb,.gnt_rr,.gnt_ss,.gnt_tb,.gnt_x__c,.gnt_xbr{display:none!important}@page{margin-top:1.5cm}.gnt_cw,.gnt_cw_w,.gnt_pr{display:block;width:auto;min-width:auto;margin:0;padding:0}.gnt_n{position:static;min-width:0;margin:0;border-bottom:2px solid #c2c2c2}.gnt_n_lg_w{padding:0}.gnt_n_lg_svg{height:50px;padding-left:0}.gnt_ar_b_p{widows:2;orphans:2}.gnt_ar_b_a{text-decoration:none}}</style><meta name=twitter:card content=summary_large_image /><meta name=twitter:image content="https://www.usatoday.com/gcdn/authoring/authoring-images/2024/10/16/USAT/75697586007-20241011-t-125542-z-1643283492-rc-23-f-9-a-0-nf-1-y-rtrmadp-3-climatechangegreecerenewables.JPG?crop=5279,2971,x0,y274&width=1600&height=800&format=pjpg&auto=webp"/><meta name=twitter:site content=@usatoday /><meta name=twitter:creator content=@usatoday /><meta name=twitter:title content="High ancient temperatures don't prove modern warming a 'hoax' | Fact check"/><meta name=twitter:description content="Rather than showing global warming is a &#34;hoax,&#34; the paper reports that modern global warming is proceeding at an unprecedented rate."/></head><body><svg style=display:none><symbol id=gnt_svg_external viewBox="0 0 18 18"><path d="M12.43 5.5H10.5V4H15v4.5h-1.5V6.55l-4.56 4.56-1.06-1.06 4.55-4.55zm1.07 9v-3.75H15V16H3V4h5.25v1.5H4.5v9h9z"/></symbol><svg id=gnt_svg_share_facebook viewBox="0 0 24 24" style=fill:var(--gnt-sfc,#4460A0)><path d="M10.5932 20.9998C6.291 20.3204 3 16.5743 3 12.055 3 7.054 7.0294 3 12 3s9 4.054 9 9.0549c0 4.5198-3.2914 8.266-7.5943 8.9451v-6.3188h2.097l.3991-2.6175h-2.496v-1.6985c0-.716.3486-1.414 1.4666-1.414h1.1349V6.7227s-1.03-.1769-2.0146-.1769c-2.0558 0-3.3995 1.2536-3.3995 3.523v1.9948H8.3081v2.6175h2.2851v6.3186z"/></svg><symbol id=gnt_svg_share_twitter viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="var(--gnt-sfc, #101418)"><path d="M17.8 2.9h3.1l-6.7 7.6L22 21h-6.1L11 14.7 5.5 21h-3l7.1-8.2-7.5-9.9h6.3l4.4 5.8 5-5.8zm-1.1 16.2h1.7L7.5 4.7H5.6l11.1 14.4z"/></symbol><symbol id=gnt_svg_share_email viewBox="0 0 24 24" style=fill:var(--gnt-sfc,#626262)><path d="M3 5.88c0-.49.4-.88.9-.88h16.2c.5 0 .9.4.9.88v12.24c0 .49-.4.88-.9.88H3.9a.9.9 0 0 1-.9-.88V5.88zm9 5.21L3 6.74v1.74l9 4.35 9-4.35V6.74l-9 4.35z"/></symbol><symbol id=gnt_svg_shareapi viewBox="0 0 24 24" style=fill:var(--gnt-sfc,#000)><path d="M14 5l6 7-6 7V5zm0 4v6c-1.937-.271-3.937.062-6 1s-3.73 2.271-5 4c.909-3.576 2.242-6.242 4-8s4.091-2.758 7-3z"/></symbol><symbol id=gnt_svg_camera viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M7 12.8a5 5 0 1 0 10 0 5 5 0 0 0-10 0zm9.33-6.02H20c1.1 0 2 .92 2 2.06v8.6c0 1.13-.9 2.06-2 2.06H4c-1.1 0-2-.93-2-2.07V8.84c0-1.14.9-2.06 2-2.06l3.67-.01c0-1.15.9-2.27 2-2.27h4.66c1.1 0 2 1.12 2 2.28zM12 16.8a4 4 0 1 1 0-8 4 4 0 0 1 0 8z"/></symbol><symbol id=gnt_svg_rightArrow viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M17.15 10.95H3v2.1h14.15l-3.31 3.46L15.27 18 21 12l-5.73-6-1.43 1.49z"/></symbol></svg><header class=gnt_n onmousedown=event.stopPropagation() onmouseup=event.stopPropagation()><div class=gnt_n_lg_w><button class=gnt_n_sb data-g-r=base_sb data-t-l=":n|v|c|skip to main content" aria-label="Skip to main content"></button><a class=gnt_n_lg href=/ aria-label="USA TODAY" data-t-l=:n|v|c|logo><svg viewBox="0 2 78 28" class=gnt_n_lg_svg><circle cx=14 cy=16 r=14 fill=#009bff /><path d="M36 12.75a1.53 1.53 0 0 0 1.18-.45 1.82 1.82 0 0 0 .38-1.3V5.43h2.53V11A3.7 3.7 0 0 1 39 13.85a4.29 4.29 0 0 1-3 1 4.28 4.28 0 0 1-3-1A3.7 3.7 0 0 1 31.84 11V5.43h2.53V11a1.81 1.81 0 0 0 .42 1.28 1.52 1.52 0 0 0 1.21.47zm9.14 2.11a6.09 6.09 0 0 1-2.14-.39 5.26 5.26 0 0 1-1.8-1.11l1.22-1.54a4.17 4.17 0 0 0 1.22.77 3.89 3.89 0 0 0 1.5.28 1.64 1.64 0 0 0 .86-.19.63.63 0 0 0 .31-.57.67.67 0 0 0-.37-.59 5.35 5.35 0 0 0-1.3-.52l-.57-.15a4 4 0 0 1-1.9-1 2.35 2.35 0 0 1-.65-1.71 2.65 2.65 0 0 1 .48-1.5 3 3 0 0 1 1.28-1 4.64 4.64 0 0 1 1.89-.36 5.38 5.38 0 0 1 2 .39 5.82 5.82 0 0 1 1.71 1.03l-1.26 1.59a5.07 5.07 0 0 0-1.15-.73 3 3 0 0 0-1.31-.31 1.58 1.58 0 0 0-.84.18A.6.6 0 0 0 44 8a.7.7 0 0 0 .31.56 3.15 3.15 0 0 0 1.08.44l.69.19a4.25 4.25 0 0 1 2.11 1.12 2.42 2.42 0 0 1 .62 1.65 2.65 2.65 0 0 1-.46 1.54 3 3 0 0 1-1.29 1 4.73 4.73 0 0 1-1.92.36zm11.32-.18L55.87 13h-3.46l-.58 1.73h-2.5l3.39-9.25h2.94l3.34 9.2zM53 11.08h2.19l-1.04-3.24zM34.59 26.53v-7.21h-2.75v-2h8v2h-2.72v7.21zM45.16 26.71a4.92 4.92 0 0 1-2.47-.61A4.49 4.49 0 0 1 41 24.4a4.87 4.87 0 0 1-.63-2.48 5.15 5.15 0 0 1 .34-1.92 4.48 4.48 0 0 1 1-1.52 4.61 4.61 0 0 1 1.52-1 5.38 5.38 0 0 1 3.83 0 4.62 4.62 0 0 1 1.52 1 4.47 4.47 0 0 1 1 1.52 5.13 5.13 0 0 1 .42 1.92 4.87 4.87 0 0 1-.62 2.48 4.49 4.49 0 0 1-1.71 1.69 4.92 4.92 0 0 1-2.51.62zm0-2.09a2 2 0 0 0 1.16-.34 2.3 2.3 0 0 0 .78-.95 3.26 3.26 0 0 0 .29-1.41 3.31 3.31 0 0 0-.29-1.41 2.35 2.35 0 0 0-.78-1 2.12 2.12 0 0 0-2.33 0 2.35 2.35 0 0 0-.78 1 3.31 3.31 0 0 0-.29 1.41 3.26 3.26 0 0 0 .29 1.41 2.3 2.3 0 0 0 .78.95 2 2 0 0 0 1.17.33zm6.25 1.91v-9.25h3.65a4.88 4.88 0 0 1 2.43.59 4.31 4.31 0 0 1 1.65 1.63 5.12 5.12 0 0 1 0 4.8 4.31 4.31 0 0 1-1.65 1.63 4.88 4.88 0 0 1-2.43.59zm2.49-2h1.16a1.91 1.91 0 0 0 1.57-.72 3 3 0 0 0 .58-1.9 3 3 0 0 0-.58-1.9 1.91 1.91 0 0 0-1.57-.72H53.9zm13.3 2l-.58-1.73h-3.47l-.58 1.73h-2.5l3.39-9.25h2.94l3.39 9.25zm-3.41-3.6H66l-1.09-3.24zm10.88.27v3.33H72.1V23.2l-3.28-5.92h2.86L73.39 21l1.7-3.67h2.86z" fill=#404040 /></svg></a></div><div class=gnt_n_fl><a class=gnt_n_fl_l href="https://www.google.com/preferences/source?q=usatoday.com" data-t-l=":flags|o|c|1:news:Your source for news:Find us on Google 📌" data-c-lbl="YOUR SOURCE FOR NEWS">Find us on Google 📌</a> <a class=gnt_n_fl_l href=/story/news/nation/2025/12/20/historic-recipes-cooking-america-250/87772772007/ data-t-l=":flags|o|c|2:news:USA 250:Eating like it is 1776" data-c-lbl="USA 250">Eating like it is 1776</a> <a class=gnt_n_fl_l href=https://profile.usatoday.com/newsletters/daily-briefing/ data-t-l=":flags|o|c|3:news:News to your inbox:Start the day smarter ☀️" data-c-lbl="NEWS TO YOUR INBOX">Start the day smarter ☀️</a> <a class="gnt_n_fl_l gnt_n_fl_l__li" href=https://app.adjust.com/1el9h6z4 data-t-l=":flags|o|c|4:news:📱 TAP INTO THE NEWS:Get the USA TODAY app" data-c-lbl="📱 TAP INTO THE NEWS">Get the USA TODAY app</a></div><div class=gnt_n_sm><a class=gnt_n_sm_a data-u-sr="anon reg" href="https://subscribe.usatoday.com/rr/masthead?gps-source=CPMASTHEAD&itm_campaign=2026UFEBBAU2&itm_medium=ONSITE&success-url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Ffactcheck%2F2024%2F10%2F29%2Fstudy-485-million-years-warming-hoax-fact-check%2F75697535007%2F" target=_blank rel=noopener data-t-l=":tiffany tile (right masthead)|p|c|⚑m$1 for the first 6 months" elementtiming=nav-submsg></a></div><nav class=gnt_n_mn aria-label="Global navigation"><a class="gnt_n_mn_l gnt_n_mn_l__fi gnt_n_mn_ce" href=/news/nation/ data-t-l=:n|v|c|us-news elementtiming=nav-item>U.S.</a> <a class="gnt_n_mn_l gnt_n_mn_ce" href=/news/politics/ data-t-l=:n|v|c|politics>Politics</a> <a class="gnt_n_mn_l gnt_n_mn_ce" href=/sports/ data-t-l=:n|v|c|sports>Sports</a> <a class="gnt_n_mn_l gnt_n_mn_ce" href=/entertainment/ data-t-l=:n|v|c|entertainment>Entertainment</a> <a class="gnt_n_mn_l gnt_n_mn_ce" href=/life/ data-t-l=:n|v|c|life>Life</a> <a class="gnt_n_mn_l gnt_n_mn_ce" href=/money/ data-t-l=:n|v|c|money>Money</a> <a class="gnt_n_mn_l gnt_n_mn_ce" href=/travel/ data-t-l=:n|v|c|travel>Travel</a> <a class="gnt_n_mn_l gnt_n_mn_ce" href=/opinion/ data-t-l=:n|v|c|opinion>Opinion</a> <a class="gnt_n_mn_l gnt_n_mn_ce" href=https://play.usatoday.com/crossword data-t-l=:n|v|c|crossword>Crossword</a><div class=gnt_n_dd_w data-g-r="nav_ce nav_sh"><button class="gnt_n_dd_bt gnt_n_mn_ce" data-g-r=nav_ab data-g-tn=navgdp data-g-ltn=navgd data-t-l=:m|v|g|caret aria-label="Global Navigation" aria-haspopup=true aria-expanded=false><svg class=gnt_n_dd_bt_svg viewBox="0 0 10 6"><path d="M5 3.35L8.64 0 10 1.4 5 6 0 1.4 1.36 0z"/></svg></button><div class="gnt_n_dd_oy gnt_n_dd__sz" data-g-r=nav_oy></div><div class="gnt_n_dd gnt_n_dd__sz" data-g-r="nav_dd nav_te nav_tv nav_ff" tabindex=0><div class=gnt_n_dd_ls_w><div class=gnt_n_dd_nt>ONLY AT USA TODAY:</div><div class=gnt_n_dd_ls><a class=gnt_n_dd_ls_a href=https://profile.usatoday.com/newsletters/manage/ data-t-l=:m|v|c|newsletters>Newsletters</a> <a class=gnt_n_dd_ls_a href=/for-subscribers/ data-t-l=:m|v|c|for-subscribers>For Subscribers</a> <a class=gnt_n_dd_ls_a href=/real-estate data-t-l=:m|v|c|address-usa>Real Estate</a> <a class=gnt_n_dd_ls_a href=/news/from-the-archives/ data-t-l=:m|v|c|from-the-archives>From the Archives</a> <a class=gnt_n_dd_ls_a href=https://play.usatoday.com data-t-l=:m|v|c|usa-today-play>USA TODAY PLAY</a> <a class=gnt_n_dd_ls_a href=https://play.usatoday.com/crossword data-t-l=:m|v|c|crossword>Crossword</a> <a class=gnt_n_dd_ls_a href=https://user.usatoday.com/user/enewspaper/ data-t-l=:m|v|c|e-edition>eNewspaper</a> <a class=gnt_n_dd_ls_a href=https://www.studiogci.com data-t-l=:m|v|c|magazines>Magazines      <svg class=gnt_n_dd_ls_a__et_svg><use xlink:href=#gnt_svg_external viewBox="3 3 12 12"></use></svg></a><a class=gnt_n_dd_ls_a href=/news/investigations/ data-t-l=:m|v|c|investigations>Investigations</a> <a class=gnt_n_dd_ls_a href=/media/latest/videos/news/ data-t-l=:m|v|c|video>Video</a> <a class=gnt_n_dd_ls_a href=/podcasts/ data-t-l=:m|v|c|podcasts>Podcasts</a></div><div class=gnt_n_dd_ls><a class=gnt_n_dd_ls_a href=/humankind/ data-t-l=:m|v|c|humankind>Humankind</a> <a class=gnt_n_dd_ls_a href=https://witness.usatoday.com/ data-t-l=:m|v|c|witness>WITNESS (True Crime)</a> <a class=gnt_n_dd_ls_a href=/california/ data-t-l=:m|v|c|california>California</a> <a class=gnt_n_dd_ls_a href=/atlanta/ data-t-l=:m|v|c|atlanta>Atlanta</a> <a class=gnt_n_dd_ls_a href=/just-curious/ data-t-l=:m|v|c|just-curious>Just Curious</a> <a class=gnt_n_dd_ls_a href=/booklist data-t-l=:m|v|c|best-selling-books>Best-selling Booklist</a> <a class=gnt_n_dd_ls_a href=/top-workplaces/ data-t-l=:m|v|c|top-workplaces>Top Workplaces Nomination</a> <a class=gnt_n_dd_ls_a href=/public-notices data-t-l=:m|v|c|legals>Legals</a> <a class=gnt_n_dd_ls_a href=/press-release data-t-l=:m|v|c|press-releases rel=sponsored>Press Releases</a> <a class=gnt_n_dd_ls_a href=/cars data-t-l=:m|v|c|autos-hub>Cars</a> <a class=gnt_n_dd_ls_a href=/grocery/ data-t-l=:m|v|c|grocery>Grocery Shopping</a></div><div class=gnt_n_dd_nt>OUR PORTFOLIO:</div><div class=gnt_n_dd_ls><a class=gnt_n_dd_ls_a href=/real-estate data-t-l=:m|v|c|address-usa>Real Estate</a> <a class=gnt_n_dd_ls_a href=https://10best.usatoday.com/ data-t-l=:m|v|c|10best>10BEST</a> <a class=gnt_n_dd_ls_a href=https://savings.usatoday.com/ data-t-l=:m|v|c|savings>USAT Savings</a> <a class=gnt_n_dd_ls_a href=/shopping/ data-t-l=:m|v|c|shopping>Shopping</a></div><div class=gnt_n_dd_ls><a class=gnt_n_dd_ls_a href=/money/blueprint/ data-t-l=:m|v|c|blueprint rel=sponsored>Blueprint</a> <a class=gnt_n_dd_ls_a href=https://witness.usatoday.com/ data-t-l=:m|v|c|witness>WITNESS (True Crime)</a> <a class=gnt_n_dd_ls_a href=https://www.southernkitchen.com/ data-t-l=:m|v|c|southern-kitchen>Southern Kitchen      <svg class=gnt_n_dd_ls_a__et_svg><use xlink:href=#gnt_svg_external viewBox="3 3 12 12"></use></svg></a><a class=gnt_n_dd_ls_a href=/tech/internet/ data-t-l=:m|v|c|home-internet-services rel=sponsored>Home Internet Services</a></div></div></div></div><div class=gnt_n_us><div class=gnt_n_se data-g-r=nav_ce><a class="gnt_n_se_a gnt_n_mn_ce" data-g-r=nav_ab data-g-tn=navse href=/search/ data-t-l=:r|r|g|icon title=Search aria-label=Search aria-haspopup=true aria-expanded=false><svg class=gnt_n_se_a_svg viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M15.75 14.33l4.96 4.96-1.42 1.42-4.96-4.96a6.5 6.5 0 1 1 1.41-1.41zM10.5 15a4.5 4.5 0 1 0 0-9 4.5 4.5 0 0 0 0 9z"/></svg></a></div><a class="gnt_n_wt gnt_n_mn_ce" href=/weather/ target=_blank rel="external noopener" aria-label=Weather title=Weather data-t-l=:n|v|c|weather></a> <a class=gnt_n_us_sb aria-label=Subscribe href="https://subscribe.usatoday.com/rr/navsub?gps-source=CPTOPNAVBAR&itm_campaign=2026UFEBBAU2&itm_medium=ONSITE&success-url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Ffactcheck%2F2024%2F10%2F29%2Fstudy-485-million-years-warming-hoax-fact-check%2F75697535007%2F" target=_blank rel=noopener data-t-l=:n|p|c|subscribe elementtiming=nav-subbt></a><div class=gnt_n_us_a_w data-g-r=nav_ce><a class="gnt_n_us_a gnt_n_mn_ce" href="https://login.usatoday.com/USAT-GUP/authenticate/?success-url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Ffactcheck%2F2024%2F10%2F29%2Fstudy-485-million-years-warming-hoax-fact-check%2F75697535007%2F&cancel-url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Ffactcheck%2F2024%2F10%2F29%2Fstudy-485-million-years-warming-hoax-fact-check%2F75697535007%2F" data-g-r=nav_ab data-g-tn=navus data-t-l=":m|a|g|sign in / salutation" aria-label="Sign In" aria-haspopup=true aria-expanded=false><svg class=gnt_n_us_a_svg viewBox="0 0 10 6"><path d="M5 3.35L8.64 0 10 1.4 5 6 0 1.4 1.36 0z"/></svg></a></div></div></nav></header><aside class=gnt_nb></aside><aside aria-label=advertisement class="gnt_x__c gnt_x__dah gnt_x__h"><div id=ad-slot-7103-usatoday-adhesion-news-14-ac1 class="gnt_x_sl gnt_x_dah"></div></aside><aside aria-label=advertisement class="gnt_x__c gnt_x__lbl gnt_x__hi"><div id=ad-slot-7103-usatoday-high_impact-news-1-ac1 class="gnt_x_sl gnt_x_hi"></div></aside><div class=gnt_bc></div><div class=gnt_cw_w><a class=gnt_cw_sl data-g-r=base_xbutton href=/ data-t-l=:b|v|c|overlay aria-label=Close aria-hidden=true tabindex=-1></a> <a class="gnt_cw_sl gnt_cw_sl__ed" data-g-r=base_xbutton href=/ data-t-l=:b|v|c|overlay aria-label=Close aria-hidden=true tabindex=-1></a><main class=gnt_cw><article class=gnt_pr><div class=gnt_ar_lbw><div class=gnt_ar_lbl><a class=gnt_ar_lbl_a data-t-l=":section label|v|c|fact check" href=/news/factcheck/ >FACT CHECK</a></div><div class=gnt_ar_fyt><div class=gnt_ar_fyt_t>Fact Check</div><div class=gnt_ar_fyt_b_w><button class="gnt_ar_fyt_b gnt_ar_fyt_b__at" data-g-r=base_fyab>Add Topic</button></div></div></div><h1 class=gnt_ar_hl elementtiming=ar-headline>High ancient temperatures don't prove modern warming a 'hoax' | Fact check</h1><div class=gnt_ar_by><a href=/staff/6109715001/kate-s-petersen/ data-t-l=":byline with photo|o|c|text" class="gnt_ar_by_a gnt_ar_by_a__fi"><img class=gnt_ar_by_i src="/gcdn/presto/2022/03/14/PDTF/8839137f-d562-4f91-a489-15ff03e4065a-Petersen_Kate.jpg?crop=404,404,x0,y31&width=48&height=48&format=pjpg&auto=webp" srcset="/gcdn/presto/2022/03/14/PDTF/8839137f-d562-4f91-a489-15ff03e4065a-Petersen_Kate.jpg?crop=404,404,x0,y31&width=96&height=96&format=pjpg&auto=webp 2x" decoding=async loading=eager alt="Portrait of Kate S. Petersen" fetchpriority=high data-t-l=":byline with photo|o|c|photo"/> Kate S. Petersen</a><div class=gnt_ar_pb>USA TODAY</div></div><div class=gnt_ar_dt>Oct. 29, 2024, 5:36 p.m. ET</div><div class=gnt_ss data-g-r=base_sc data-ss-u=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2024/10/29/study-485-million-years-warming-hoax-fact-check/75697535007/ data-ss-t="High ancient temperatures don't prove modern warming a 'hoax' | Fact check" data-ss-d="Rather than showing global warming is a &#34;hoax,&#34; the paper reports that modern global warming is proceeding at an unprecedented rate."><a class=gnt_ss_a data-ss-a=f data-t-l=:h|v|c|facebook aria-label="Share to Facebook" rel=noreferrer data-g-r=base_si href="https://www.facebook.com/dialog/share?display=popup&app_id=1279862243338849&href=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Ffactcheck%2F2024%2F10%2F29%2Fstudy-485-million-years-warming-hoax-fact-check%2F75697535007%2F"><svg class=gnt_ss_a_svg><use xlink:href=#gnt_svg_share_facebook /></svg></a><a class=gnt_ss_a data-ss-a=t data-t-l=:h|v|c|twitter aria-label="Share to Twitter" rel=noreferrer data-g-r=base_si href="https://x.com/intent/post?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Ffactcheck%2F2024%2F10%2F29%2Fstudy-485-million-years-warming-hoax-fact-check%2F75697535007%2F&text=High%20ancient%20temperatures%20don't%20prove%20modern%20warming%20a%20'hoax'%20%7C%20Fact%20check&via=usatoday"><svg class=gnt_ss_a_svg><use xlink:href=#gnt_svg_share_twitter /></svg></a><a class=gnt_ss_a data-t-l=:h|v|c|email aria-label="Share by email" href="mailto:?subject=High%20ancient%20temperatures%20don't%20prove%20modern%20warming%20a%20'hoax'%20%7C%20Fact%20check%20-%20from%20USA%20TODAY&body=High%20ancient%20temperatures%20don't%20prove%20modern%20warming%20a%20'hoax'%20%7C%20Fact%20check%0A%0ARather%20than%20showing%20global%20warming%20is%20a%20%22hoax%2C%22%20the%20paper%20reports%20that%20modern%20global%20warming%20is%20proceeding%20at%20an%20unprecedented%20rate.%0A%0ACheck%20out%20this%20story%20on%20usatoday.com%3A%20https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Ffactcheck%2F2024%2F10%2F29%2Fstudy-485-million-years-warming-hoax-fact-check%2F75697535007%2F"><svg class=gnt_ss_a_svg><use xlink:href=#gnt_svg_share_email /></svg></a><button class="gnt_ss_a gnt_ss_a__sa" data-ss-a=s data-t-l=:h|v|c|shareapi aria-label="Share natively" data-g-r=base_si><svg class=gnt_ss_a_svg><use xlink:href=#gnt_svg_shareapi /></svg></button></div><div class=gnt_ar_b><aside aria-label=advertisement class="gnt_x__c gnt_x__lbl gnt_x__bv"><div data-g-r=lazy data-gl-method=llx id=~ad-slot-7103-usatoday-banner_videoplayer-news-2-ac1 class="gnt_x_sl gnt_x_bv"></div></aside><aside aria-label=advertisement class="gnt_x__c gnt_x__bvd gnt_x__h"><div id=ad-slot-7103-usatoday-banner_videoplayer-dk-news-3-ac1 class="gnt_x_sl gnt_x_bvd"></div></aside><aside class="gnt_em gnt_em__fp gnt_em_vp__tp gnt_em__el" aria-label="Video - How does climate change impact where Americans want to live?"><div class=gnt_em_vp_w data-g-r=vp_tp data-c-vt=exco data-c-vpa="pl=teal-hero&nm=1&exv=article_hero&de&plcmt=2&cc=news/1&iu=/7103/usatoday/preroll_video/&cut" data-c-vpd="{&#34;adsEnabled&#34;:true,&#34;awsPath&#34;:&#34;money&#34;,&#34;byline&#34;:&#34;LeeAnne Lowry&#34;,&#34;cd&#34;:1728672223676,&#34;credit&#34;:&#34;&#34;,&#34;length&#34;:74,&#34;headline&#34;:&#34;How does climate change impact where Americans want to live?&#34;,&#34;hlsURL&#34;:&#34;https://hlsmedia.gannett-cdn.com/authoring/videos/zype/renditions/67096e3236f76d00015de380/480p_30fps,720p_30fps,1080p_30fps,master.m3u8?subtitles=75632406007&#34;,&#34;id&#34;:&#34;75632406007&#34;,&#34;keywords&#34;:&#34;Climate Change,Real Estate,United States,Floods,Video Syndication - OTT Platforms,Video Syndication - USAT,VPC - Video Analytics&#34;,&#34;mp4URL&#34;:&#34;https://downloadmedia.gannett-cdn.com/authoring/videos/zype/renditions/67096e3236f76d00015de380/1080p_30fps.mp4&#34;,&#34;origin&#34;:&#34;USA TODAY&#34;,&#34;pageURL&#34;:{&#34;long&#34;:&#34;https://www.usatoday.com/videos/money/2024/10/11/climate-change-is-now-impacting-where-americans-choose-to-live/75632406007/&#34;},&#34;promoBrief&#34;:&#34;Many U.S. locales have reached a climate change \&#34;tipping point.\&#34; Populations are declining as flooding becomes unbearable.&#34;,&#34;propertyName&#34;:&#34;USATODAY&#34;,&#34;series&#34;:&#34;&#34;,&#34;ssts&#34;:{&#34;section&#34;:&#34;money&#34;,&#34;subsection&#34;:&#34;&#34;,&#34;topic&#34;:&#34;&#34;,&#34;subtopic&#34;:&#34;&#34;},&#34;title&#34;:&#34;Climate change is now impacting where Americans choose to live&#34;,&#34;tna&#34;:[&#34;Climate Change&#34;,&#34;Real Estate&#34;,&#34;United States&#34;,&#34;Floods&#34;,&#34;Video Syndication - OTT Platforms&#34;,&#34;Video Syndication - USAT&#34;,&#34;VPC - Video Analytics&#34;],&#34;videoStill&#34;:&#34;https://www.gannett-cdn.com/authoring/authoring-images/2024/10/11/USAT/75632427007-20241011-vpc-how-natural-disasters-impact-where-we-want-to-live-reuters-00-00-00-00-still-004.jpg?crop=1919,1079,x0,y0&#34;}"><div class=gnt_em_vp_c><button class=gnt_em_vp_db aria-label="Close docked video player"><svg class=gnt_em_vp_db_svg viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path d="M9 7.625L13.125 3.5 14.5 4.875 10.375 9l4.125 4.125-1.375 1.375L9 10.375 4.875 14.5 3.5 13.125 7.625 9 3.5 4.875 4.875 3.5 9 7.625z"/></svg></button><div class=gnt_em_vp_c_pl__ec><div id=gnt_xp__1 class=pbs><div class=pbs__player><div class=pb-stream><div class=__exco_root_container><div class=__exco_content_container><video class=__exco_content_video poster="/gcdn/authoring/authoring-images/2024/10/16/USAT/75697586007-20241011-t-125542-z-1643283492-rc-23-f-9-a-0-nf-1-y-rtrmadp-3-climatechangegreecerenewables.JPG?crop=5279,2971,x0,y274&width=660&height=371&format=pjpg&auto=webp" muted playsinline elementtiming=ar-lead-video-exco data-g-r="vp_ap vp_tg" disablepictureinpicture></video></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class=gnt_em_vh data-c-et="How does climate change impact where Americans want to live?"></div><div class="gnt_em_vb gnt_em_vb__he" aria-label="Many U.S. locales have reached a climate change &#34;tipping point.&#34; Populations are declining as flooding becomes unbearable."></div></aside><h2 class=gnt_ar_b_mt>The claim: Study shows global warming is a 'hoax'</h2><p class=gnt_ar_b_p>A Sept. 21 Facebook post (<a href=https://www.facebook.com/InBlondeTheory/posts/pfbid0HFhkpPbaBXQDy9oQyLtQeujC8Ua6PkBBw3zwvAYoySxEXFztAJKcYfrUuwLfSGLQl data-t-l=:b|z|k|⚑u class=gnt_ar_b_a>direct link</a>, <a href=https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/25216106-screenshot_10_15_24_facebook_inblondetheory_9_21_24 data-t-l=:b|z|k|⚑u class=gnt_ar_b_a>archive link</a>) shows a <a href=https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/2024/09/19/earth-temperature-global-warming-planet/ data-t-l=:b|z|k|⚑u class=gnt_ar_b_a>Washington Post headline</a> that reads, "Scientists have captured Earth’s climate over the last 485 million years. Here’s the surprising place we stand now." The post includes a graph that shows Earth is currently cooler than it has been for most of the last 485 million years.</p><p class=gnt_ar_b_p>"Global warming is a hoax," reads the post's caption.</p><p class=gnt_ar_b_p>The post was shared more than 70 times in a month.</p><p class=gnt_ar_b_p><strong>More from the Fact-Check Team:</strong> <a href=/story/news/factcheck/2020/02/12/fact-check-guidelines-usa-today/4735217002/ data-t-l=:b|e|k|⚑u class=gnt_ar_b_a>How we pick and research claims</a> | <a href=https://profile.usatoday.com/newsletters/checking-the-facts/ data-t-l=:b|e|k|⚑u class=gnt_ar_b_a>Email newsletter</a> | <a href=https://www.facebook.com/usatodayfactcheck/ data-t-l=:b|z|k|⚑u class=gnt_ar_b_a>Facebook page</a></p><aside aria-label=advertisement class="gnt_x__c gnt_x__lbl gnt_x__al"><div data-g-r=lazy data-gl-method=llx id=~ad-slot-7103-usatoday-native-article_link-news-4-ac1 class="gnt_x_sl gnt_x_al"></div></aside><h2 class=gnt_ar_b_mt>Our rating: False</h2><p class=gnt_ar_b_p>The study in question states Earth has been warmer than it is now for most of the last 485 million years. But rather than showing global warming is a "hoax," the paper reports modern global warming is proceeding at an unprecedented rate.</p><h2 class=gnt_ar_b_mt>A warm past doesn't disprove modern global warming</h2><p class=gnt_ar_b_p>The <a href=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adk3705 data-t-l=:b|z|k|⚑u class=gnt_ar_b_a>scientific paper</a> covered by The Washington Post was published in the journal Science in September examining Earth's temperature trends across the last 485 million years. Its authors – including lead author <a href=https://naturalhistory.si.edu/staff/emily-judd data-t-l=:b|z|k|⚑u class=gnt_ar_b_a>Emily Judd</a>, a paleoclimate researcher at the Smithsonian Natural History Museum – combined fossilized evidence and climate models to determine global temperatures have been much warmer in the past.</p><aside aria-label=advertisement class="gnt_x__c gnt_x__lbl gnt_x__al"><div data-g-r=lazy data-gl-method=llx id=~ad-slot-7103-usatoday-native-article_link-news-5-ac2 data-x-c=2 class="gnt_x_sl gnt_x_al"></div></aside><p class=gnt_ar_b_p>However, rather than demonstrating that modern global warming is a "hoax," the study states that modern temperatures are warming more rapidly than at any other point in the study period. It also states that warmer temperatures are correlated with higher atmospheric CO2 levels throughout the study period − an observation that is consistent with <a href="/story/news/factcheck/2023/10/31/most-climate-change-hoax-signatories-not-climate-experts-fact-check/71249813007/#:~:text=Reality%20of%20climate%20change%20supported%20by%20thousands%20of%20peer%2Dreviewed%20papers" data-t-l=:b|e|k|⚑u class=gnt_ar_b_a>the enormous body of research that shows modern global warming is driven by CO2.</a></p><p class=gnt_ar_b_p>"I’ve seen quite a bit of misinformation crop up surrounding our paper, particularly the claim that we − humans − have nothing to worry about, with respect to climate change, since the Earth has been warmer for much of the last half-billion years," Judd told USA TODAY. "I cannot stress enough how reductive and problematic this viewpoint is."</p><aside class="gnt_em gnt_em_anc" id=gnt_atomsnc data-g-r=lazy data-gl-method=loadAnc aria-label="Newsletter signup form"></aside><p class=gnt_ar_b_p>The geologic record shows that when global temperatures change slowly, organisms can keep up by evolving, adapting or migrating, she said. But "when CO2 and temperatures change rapidly, as is happening today due to (emissions generated by humans), evolution can’t keep pace with the environmental change."</p><p class=gnt_ar_b_p><strong>Fact check:</strong> <a href=/story/news/factcheck/2024/06/21/coal-wind-solar-energy-reliable-fact-check/73912138007/ data-t-l=:b|e|k|⚑u class=gnt_ar_b_a>Coal does, in fact, 'quit.' No form of energy is 100% reliable</a></p><aside aria-label=advertisement class="gnt_x__c gnt_x__lbl gnt_x__al"><div data-g-r=lazy data-gl-method=llx id=~ad-slot-7103-usatoday-native-article_link-news-6-ac3 data-x-c=3 class="gnt_x_sl gnt_x_al"></div></aside><p class=gnt_ar_b_p>This leads to <a href=/story/news/factcheck/2023/08/29/past-earth-could-be-cold-with-high-co2-because-of-dim-sun-fact-check/70614730007/ data-t-l=:b|e|k|⚑u class=gnt_ar_b_a>mass extinction events</a> such as the <a href=https://www.britannica.com/science/Permian-extinction data-t-l=:b|z|k|⚑u class=gnt_ar_b_a>end-Permian extinction</a> around 250 million years ago, when roughly 90% of Earth's species disappeared. Modern climate change is proceeding more rapidly than the change that drove this event, <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/2024/09/19/earth-temperature-global-warming-planet/#:~:text=At%20no%20point%20in%20the%20nearly%20half%2Dbillion%20years%20that%20Judd%20and%20her%20colleagues%20analyzed%20did%20the%20Earth%20change%20as%20fast%20as%20it%20is%20changing%20now%2C" data-t-l=:b|z|k|⚑u class=gnt_ar_b_a>according to Judd's findings</a>.</p><h2 class=gnt_ar_b_mt>Abundant evidence shows that humans are changing Earth's climate</h2><p class=gnt_ar_b_p>Earth's average temperature has warmed 2.45 degrees since the late 1800s <a href=https://science.nasa.gov/climate-change/causes/ data-t-l=:b|z|k|⚑u class=gnt_ar_b_a>due to the burning of fossil fuels, deforestation</a> and other human activities, <a href="https://climate.nasa.gov/vital-signs/global-temperature/?intent=121" data-t-l=:b|z|k|⚑u class=gnt_ar_b_a>according to NASA</a>. This modern warming trend has been documented by <a href="https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/world-of-change/global-temperatures#:~:text=mass%20of%20ice-,20%2C000%20years%20ago,-." data-t-l=:b|z|k|⚑u class=gnt_ar_b_a>multiple independent climate agencies</a>.</p><p class=gnt_ar_b_p>The fact that humans are causing modern global warming has been substantiated by a large body of research, including the 2021 <a href="https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/chapter/summary-for-policymakers/#:~:text=Human%2Dinduced%20climate%20change%20is,to%20human%20influence%2C%20has%20strengthened" data-t-l=:b|z|k|⚑u class=gnt_ar_b_a>Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change report</a><em>,</em> which incorporated nearly 13,000 <a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/guest-post-what-13500-citations-reveal-about-the-ipccs-climate-science-report/#:~:text=Almost%20all%20of%20the%20WG1%20citations%20are%20scientific%20articles%2C%20which%20are%20published%20in%20peer%2Dreviewed%2C%20academic%20journals.%20(Meanwhile%2C%204%25%20are%20classified%20as%20technical%20reports%20or%20books%20%E2%80%93%20known%20as%20%E2%80%9Cgrey%20literature%E2%80%9D.)" data-t-l=:b|z|k|⚑u class=gnt_ar_b_a>peer-reviewed papers</a> and other resources − <a href=/story/news/factcheck/2023/10/31/most-climate-change-hoax-signatories-not-climate-experts-fact-check/71249813007/ data-t-l=:b|e|k|⚑u class=gnt_ar_b_a>reflecting the work of around 39,000 researchers</a>.</p><aside class="gnt_em gnt_em_ifg" data-v-id=co2-vs-global-temperature-2-1h9j6q703jjk54g aria-label="Embedded infographic - CO2 vs global temperature 2" data-g-r=lazy data-gl-method=loadInfogram style=width:660px;min-height:507.69px><a class=gnt_em_ifg_ph href=https://infogram.com/co2-vs-global-temperature-2-1h9j6q703jjk54g aria-label="Infographic in fullscreen - CO2 vs global temperature 2" target=_blank rel="nofollow noopener"></a></aside><p class=gnt_ar_b_p>The consequences of this warming include:</p><ul class=gnt_ar_b_ul><li class=gnt_ar_b_ul_li><a href="https://climate.nasa.gov/vital-signs/arctic-sea-ice/?intent=121" target=_blank rel="noreferrer noopener" data-t-l=:b|z|k|⚑u class=gnt_ar_b_a>Arctic sea ice loss</a></li><li class=gnt_ar_b_ul_li>An increase in the frequency of <a href=https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-heat-waves target=_blank rel="noreferrer noopener" data-t-l=:b|z|k|⚑u class=gnt_ar_b_a>heat waves</a></li><li class=gnt_ar_b_ul_li>Melting ice sheets in <a href="https://climate.nasa.gov/vital-signs/ice-sheets/#:~:text=Ice%20Minimum%20Extent-,Ice%20Sheets,-Key%20Takeaway%3A" target=_blank rel="noreferrer noopener" data-t-l=:b|z|k|⚑u class=gnt_ar_b_a>Antarctica and Greenland</a></li><li class=gnt_ar_b_ul_li><a href=https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-glaciers target=_blank rel="noreferrer noopener" data-t-l=:b|z|k|⚑u class=gnt_ar_b_a>Melting glaciers</a></li><li class=gnt_ar_b_ul_li><a href="https://climate.nasa.gov/vital-signs/sea-level/?intent=111" target=_blank rel="noreferrer noopener" data-t-l=:b|z|k|⚑u class=gnt_ar_b_a>Sea level rise</a></li><li class=gnt_ar_b_ul_li>Changes in the <a href=https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-marine-species-distribution target=_blank rel="noreferrer noopener" data-t-l=:b|z|k|⚑u class=gnt_ar_b_a>ranges</a> of <a href=https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-bird-wintering-ranges target=_blank rel="noreferrer noopener" data-t-l=:b|z|k|⚑u class=gnt_ar_b_a>animal species</a></li><li class=gnt_ar_b_ul_li><a href="https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-heavy-precipitation#:~:text=Climate%20change%20can%20affect%20the,heavier%20rain%20and%20snow%20storms." target=_blank rel="noreferrer noopener" data-t-l=:b|z|k|⚑u class=gnt_ar_b_a>Changing precipitation patterns</a></li><li class=gnt_ar_b_ul_li><a href=https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-snowpack target=_blank rel="noreferrer noopener" data-t-l=:b|z|k|⚑u class=gnt_ar_b_a>Shrinking snowpack</a> in the western U.S.</li><li class=gnt_ar_b_ul_li>Changing <a href=https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-leaf-and-bloom-dates target=_blank rel="noreferrer noopener" data-t-l=:b|z|k|⚑u class=gnt_ar_b_a>plant bloom times</a></li><li class=gnt_ar_b_ul_li><a href=https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-coastal-flooding target=_blank rel="noreferrer noopener" data-t-l=:b|z|k|⚑u class=gnt_ar_b_a>An increase</a> in <a href=https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/interactive/2024/coastal-flooding-carolina-beach-videos/ target=_blank rel="noreferrer noopener" data-t-l=:b|z|k|⚑u class=gnt_ar_b_a>flooding events</a> due to <a href=https://www.cnbc.com/2024/06/14/luxury-homes-on-these-beaches-are-losing-value-fast-as-effects-of-climate-change-hit-hard.html target=_blank rel="noreferrer noopener" data-t-l=:b|z|k|⚑u class=gnt_ar_b_a>sea level rise</a></li></ul><aside aria-label=advertisement class="gnt_x__c gnt_x__lbl gnt_x__al"><div data-g-r=lazy data-gl-method=llx id=~ad-slot-7103-usatoday-native-article_link-news-7-ac4 data-x-c=4 class="gnt_x_sl gnt_x_al"></div></aside><p class=gnt_ar_b_p><strong>Fact check</strong>: <a href=/story/news/factcheck/2023/11/07/renewable-energy-power-reliability-explained/70748158007/ data-t-l=:b|e|k|⚑u class=gnt_ar_b_a>Can we count on renewable energy? Four ways wind, solar and water can power the US</a></p><p class=gnt_ar_b_p>These changes are <a href=https://grist.org/migration/climate-change-home-buyouts-displacement-managed-retreat/ data-t-l=:b|z|k|⚑u class=gnt_ar_b_a>already</a> <a href=https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/science/climate-issues/human-security data-t-l=:b|z|k|⚑u class=gnt_ar_b_a>impacting</a> <a href=https://www.unhcr.org/us/what-we-do/how-we-work/climate-change-and-displacement data-t-l=:b|z|k|⚑u class=gnt_ar_b_a>human</a> <a href=https://apnews.com/article/hurricane-milton-climate-change-greenhouse-gases-fossil-fuels-aa1c971c228feb9da6f36fb9cc46ee81 data-t-l=:b|z|k|⚑u class=gnt_ar_b_a>populations</a> <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/ncezid/priorities/climate-infectious-disease.html#:~:text=Rising%20temperatures%20and%20changing%20rainfall,Nile%20virus%20diseases%20are%20increasing." data-t-l=:b|z|k|⚑u class=gnt_ar_b_a>around</a> the <a href=https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20240311-why-climate-change-is-making-the-us-uninsurable data-t-l=:b|z|k|⚑u class=gnt_ar_b_a>world</a>, Judd said.</p><p class=gnt_ar_b_p>"To minimize the consequences of (modern) climate change by misrepresenting our findings is to dismiss the very real suffering of our fellow humans," she added.</p><p class=gnt_ar_b_p>When reached by USA TODAY, the social media user who shared the post said Earth's climate has changed in the past and that their statement was "about opening discussions and being thought-provoking."</p><h2 class=gnt_ar_b_mt>Our fact-check sources:</h2><ul class=gnt_ar_b_ul><li class=gnt_ar_b_ul_li><a href=https://naturalhistory.si.edu/staff/emily-judd data-t-l=:b|z|k|⚑u class=gnt_ar_b_a>Emily Judd</a>, Oct. 15, Email exchange with USA TODAY</li><li class=gnt_ar_b_ul_li><a href=https://marcom.arizona.edu/person/daniel-stolte data-t-l=:b|z|k|⚑u class=gnt_ar_b_a>Daniel Stolte</a>, Oct. Oct. 14, Email exchange with USA TODAY</li><li class=gnt_ar_b_ul_li>The Washington Post, Sept. 19, <a href=https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/2024/09/19/earth-temperature-global-warming-planet/ data-t-l=:b|z|k|⚑u class=gnt_ar_b_a>Scientists have captured Earth’s climate over the last 485 million years. Here’s the surprising place we stand now</a></li><li class=gnt_ar_b_ul_li>USA TODAY, Oct. 31, 2023, <a href=/story/news/factcheck/2023/10/31/most-climate-change-hoax-signatories-not-climate-experts-fact-check/71249813007/ data-t-l=:b|e|k|⚑u class=gnt_ar_b_a>False claim 'climate crisis hoax' statement signed by thousands of scientists | Fact check</a></li><li class=gnt_ar_b_ul_li>Science, Sept. 20, <a href=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adk3705 data-t-l=:b|z|k|⚑u class=gnt_ar_b_a>A 485-million-year history of Earth’s surface temperature</a></li><li class=gnt_ar_b_ul_li>Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Sixth Assessment Report, 2021, <a href=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/ data-t-l=:b|z|k|⚑u class=gnt_ar_b_a>Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis</a> </li><li class=gnt_ar_b_ul_li>Carbon Brief, March 16, <a href=https://www.carbonbrief.org/guest-post-what-13500-citations-reveal-about-the-ipccs-climate-science-report/ data-t-l=:b|z|k|⚑u class=gnt_ar_b_a>Guest post: What 13,500 citations reveal about the IPCC’s climate science report</a> </li><li class=gnt_ar_b_ul_li>NASA Vital Signs of the Planet, accessed Sept. 11, <a href="https://climate.nasa.gov/vital-signs/ice-sheets/#:~:text=Ice%20Minimum%20Extent-,Ice%20Sheets,-Key%20Takeaway%3A" target=_blank rel="noreferrer noopener" data-t-l=:b|z|k|⚑u class=gnt_ar_b_a>Ice sheets</a> </li><li class=gnt_ar_b_ul_li>NASA Vital Signs of the Planet, accessed Sept. 11, <a href="https://climate.nasa.gov/vital-signs/sea-level/#:~:text=Ice%20Minimum%20Extent-,Sea%20Level,-LATEST%20MEASUREMENT%3A" target=_blank rel="noreferrer noopener" data-t-l=:b|z|k|⚑u class=gnt_ar_b_a>Sea level</a> </li><li class=gnt_ar_b_ul_li>NASA Vital Signs of the Planet, accessed Sept. 11, <a href="https://climate.nasa.gov/vital-signs/methane/?intent=121#:" data-t-l=:b|z|k|⚑u class=gnt_ar_b_a>Methane</a> </li><li class=gnt_ar_b_ul_li>NASA Vital Signs of the Planet, accessed Sept. 11, <a href="https://climate.nasa.gov/vital-signs/carbon-dioxide/?intent=121" data-t-l=:b|z|k|⚑u class=gnt_ar_b_a>Carbon dioxide</a> </li><li class=gnt_ar_b_ul_li>NASA Vital Signs of the Planet, accessed Sept. 11, <a href="https://climate.nasa.gov/vital-signs/arctic-sea-ice/?intent=121" target=_blank rel="noreferrer noopener" data-t-l=:b|z|k|⚑u class=gnt_ar_b_a>Arctic Sea Ice Minimum Extent</a> </li><li class=gnt_ar_b_ul_li>Environmental Protection Agency, July 2022, <a href=https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-heat-waves target=_blank rel="noreferrer noopener" data-t-l=:b|z|k|⚑u class=gnt_ar_b_a>Climate Change Indicators: Heat Waves</a> </li><li class=gnt_ar_b_ul_li>Environmental Protection Agency, February 2023, <a href=https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-marine-species-distribution target=_blank rel="noreferrer noopener" data-t-l=:b|z|k|⚑u class=gnt_ar_b_a>Climate Change Indicators: Marine Species Distribution</a> </li><li class=gnt_ar_b_ul_li>Environmental Protection Agency, July 2022, <a href=https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-snowpack target=_blank rel="noreferrer noopener" data-t-l=:b|z|k|⚑u class=gnt_ar_b_a>Climate Change Indicators: Snowpack</a> </li><li class=gnt_ar_b_ul_li>Environmental Protection Agency, September 2023, <a href=https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-coastal-flooding target=_blank rel="noreferrer noopener" data-t-l=:b|z|k|⚑u class=gnt_ar_b_a>Climate Change Indicators: Coastal Flooding</a> </li><li class=gnt_ar_b_ul_li>Environmental Protection Agency, April 2021, <a href=https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-leaf-and-bloom-dates target=_blank rel="noreferrer noopener" data-t-l=:b|z|k|⚑u class=gnt_ar_b_a>Climate Change Indicators: Leaf and Bloom Dates</a> </li><li class=gnt_ar_b_ul_li>Environmental Protection Agency, July 2022, <a href=https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/alaskan-rivers target=_blank rel="noreferrer noopener" data-t-l=:b|z|k|⚑u class=gnt_ar_b_a>Community Connection: Ice Breakup in Three Alaskan Rivers</a> </li><li class=gnt_ar_b_ul_li>Environmental Protection Agency, August 2016, <a href=https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-glaciers target=_blank rel="noreferrer noopener" data-t-l=:b|z|k|⚑u class=gnt_ar_b_a>Climate Change Indicators: Glaciers</a> </li><li class=gnt_ar_b_ul_li>Environmental Protection Agency, May 2014, <a href=https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-bird-wintering-ranges target=_blank rel="noreferrer noopener" data-t-l=:b|z|k|⚑u class=gnt_ar_b_a>Climate Change Indicators: Bird Wintering Ranges</a> </li><li class=gnt_ar_b_ul_li>Grist, Oct. 2, <a href=https://grist.org/migration/climate-change-home-buyouts-displacement-managed-retreat/ data-t-l=:b|z|k|⚑u class=gnt_ar_b_a>Climate change is destroying American homes. Who should have to move?</a> </li><li class=gnt_ar_b_ul_li>United Nations, accessed Oct. 28, <a href=https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/science/climate-issues/human-security data-t-l=:b|z|k|⚑u class=gnt_ar_b_a>Five ways the climate crisis impacts human security</a> </li><li class=gnt_ar_b_ul_li>The U.N. Refugee Agency, accessed Oct. 28, <a href=https://www.unhcr.org/us/what-we-do/how-we-work/climate-change-and-displacement data-t-l=:b|z|k|⚑u class=gnt_ar_b_a>Climate change and displacement</a> </li><li class=gnt_ar_b_ul_li>AP News, Oct. 11, <a href=https://apnews.com/article/hurricane-milton-climate-change-greenhouse-gases-fossil-fuels-aa1c971c228feb9da6f36fb9cc46ee81 data-t-l=:b|z|k|⚑u class=gnt_ar_b_a>Climate change gave significant boost to Milton’s destructive rain, winds, scientists say</a> </li><li class=gnt_ar_b_ul_li>CDC, March 21, <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/ncezid/priorities/climate-infectious-disease.html#:~:text=Rising%20temperatures%20and%20changing%20rainfall,Nile%20virus%20diseases%20are%20increasing." data-t-l=:b|z|k|⚑u class=gnt_ar_b_a>Climate and Infectious Diseases</a> </li><li class=gnt_ar_b_ul_li>BBC, March 18, <a href=https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20240311-why-climate-change-is-making-the-us-uninsurable data-t-l=:b|z|k|⚑u class=gnt_ar_b_a>Climate change is fuelling the US insurance problem</a></li></ul><aside aria-label=advertisement class="gnt_x__c gnt_x__lbl gnt_x__al"><div data-g-r=lazy data-gl-method=llx id=~ad-slot-7103-usatoday-native-article_link-news-8-ac5 data-x-c=5 class="gnt_x_sl gnt_x_al"></div></aside><p class=gnt_ar_b_p><em>Thank you for supporting our journalism. You can <a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://cm.usatoday.com/specialoffer?_ga=2.159964861.1095412655.1597937597-1319250638.1597937595" target=_blank data-t-l=:b|e|k|⚑u class=gnt_ar_b_a>subscribe to our print edition, ad-free app or e-newspaper here</a>.</em></p><p class=gnt_ar_b_p><em>USA TODAY is a <a href=https://ifcncodeofprinciples.poynter.org/profile/usa-today data-t-l=:b|z|k|⚑u class=gnt_ar_b_a>verified signatory</a> of the International Fact-Checking Network, which requires a demonstrated commitment to nonpartisanship, fairness and transparency. Our fact-check work is supported in part by a <a href=https://www.facebook.com/formedia/mjp/programs/third-party-fact-checking data-t-l=:b|z|k|⚑u class=gnt_ar_b_a>grant from Meta</a>.</em></p><a class="gnt_em gnt_em__lp gnt_em_gl gnt_em__el" href=/picture-gallery/news/world/2022/03/01/global-warming-disasters/9333680002/ data-t-l="⚑g:l|l|c|view gallery:inline promo" aria-label="View Gallery - Droughts, floods, fires: These photos show how the Earth's climate is changing" target=_blank><img class=gnt_em_gl_i data-g-r=lazy data-gl-src="/gcdn/authoring/authoring-images/2025/07/29/USAT/85431682007-getty-images-2224675731.jpg?crop=3999,2250,x0,y0&width=660&height=372&format=pjpg&auto=webp" data-gl-srcset="/gcdn/authoring/authoring-images/2025/07/29/USAT/85431682007-getty-images-2224675731.jpg?crop=3999,2250,x0,y0&width=1320&height=744&format=pjpg&auto=webp 2x" decoding=async alt="" width=660 height=372 /><svg class=gnt_em_gl_i_svg><use xlink:href=#gnt_svg_camera /></svg><div class=gnt_em_gl_vg data-c-tc=14><svg class=gnt_em_gl_vg_svg><use xlink:href=#gnt_svg_rightArrow /></svg></div><div class="gnt_em_t gnt_em_t__hb" data-c-et="Droughts, floods, fires: These photos show how the Earth's climate is changing" aria-label="Weather extremes like drought, wildfire and flooding will increase in frequency and intensity over the coming years as global warming accelerates."></div></a><div class="gnt_ar_s gnt_ar_s0"></div><div class="gnt_ar_s gnt_ar_s25"></div><div class="gnt_ar_s gnt_ar_s50"></div><div class="gnt_ar_s gnt_ar_s75"></div><div class="gnt_ar_s gnt_ar_s100"></div></div><div class=gnt_ss data-g-r=base_sc data-ss-u=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2024/10/29/study-485-million-years-warming-hoax-fact-check/75697535007/ data-ss-t="High ancient temperatures don't prove modern warming a 'hoax' | Fact check" data-ss-d="Rather than showing global warming is a &#34;hoax,&#34; the paper reports that modern global warming is proceeding at an unprecedented rate."><a class=gnt_ss_a data-ss-a=f data-t-l=:i|v|c|facebook aria-label="Share to Facebook" rel=noreferrer data-g-r=base_si href="https://www.facebook.com/dialog/share?display=popup&app_id=1279862243338849&href=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Ffactcheck%2F2024%2F10%2F29%2Fstudy-485-million-years-warming-hoax-fact-check%2F75697535007%2F"><svg class=gnt_ss_a_svg><use xlink:href=#gnt_svg_share_facebook /></svg></a><a class=gnt_ss_a data-ss-a=t data-t-l=:i|v|c|twitter aria-label="Share to Twitter" rel=noreferrer data-g-r=base_si href="https://x.com/intent/post?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Ffactcheck%2F2024%2F10%2F29%2Fstudy-485-million-years-warming-hoax-fact-check%2F75697535007%2F&text=High%20ancient%20temperatures%20don't%20prove%20modern%20warming%20a%20'hoax'%20%7C%20Fact%20check&via=usatoday"><svg class=gnt_ss_a_svg><use xlink:href=#gnt_svg_share_twitter /></svg></a><a class=gnt_ss_a data-t-l=:i|v|c|email aria-label="Share by email" href="mailto:?subject=High%20ancient%20temperatures%20don't%20prove%20modern%20warming%20a%20'hoax'%20%7C%20Fact%20check%20-%20from%20USA%20TODAY&body=High%20ancient%20temperatures%20don't%20prove%20modern%20warming%20a%20'hoax'%20%7C%20Fact%20check%0A%0ARather%20than%20showing%20global%20warming%20is%20a%20%22hoax%2C%22%20the%20paper%20reports%20that%20modern%20global%20warming%20is%20proceeding%20at%20an%20unprecedented%20rate.%0A%0ACheck%20out%20this%20story%20on%20usatoday.com%3A%20https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Ffactcheck%2F2024%2F10%2F29%2Fstudy-485-million-years-warming-hoax-fact-check%2F75697535007%2F"><svg class=gnt_ss_a_svg><use xlink:href=#gnt_svg_share_email /></svg></a><button class="gnt_ss_a gnt_ss_a__sa" data-ss-a=s data-t-l=:i|v|c|shareapi aria-label="Share natively" data-g-r=base_si><svg class=gnt_ss_a_svg><use xlink:href=#gnt_svg_shareapi /></svg></button></div><div class="gnt_tb gnt_tbb" data-g-r=lazy data-gl-method=llx><div id=gnt_tbw_1></div></div><div data-g-r=lazy data-gl-method=flp class=gnt_flp><div class="gnt_m_dl flipp-ux-header gnt_flp_t" aria-label="Featured Weekly Ad">Featured Weekly Ad</div></div></article><div class=gnt_rr><div class="gnt_x__c gnt_rr_xpst"><aside aria-label=advertisement class="gnt_x__lbl gnt_x__pf"><div id=ad-slot-7103-usatoday-poster-news-9-ac1 class="gnt_x_sl gnt_x_p"></div></aside></div><div class="gnt_tb gnt_tbr" data-t-l=":taboola (article rail)|e|taboola click"><div id=gnt_tbw_2></div></div><div class="gnt_m gnt_m_fs"><a href="https://cm.usatoday.com/site-feedback/?platform=Tangent-Desktop&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Ffactcheck%2F2024%2F10%2F29%2Fstudy-485-million-years-warming-hoax-fact-check%2F75697535007%2F&marketName=usatoday&cta=Right-Rail" class=gnt_m_fs_a data-t-l=":survey|v|c|We're always working..." aria-label="We're always working to improve your experience. Let us know what you think."></a></div><div class="gnt_x__c gnt_rr_xst"><aside aria-label=advertisement class="gnt_x__lbl gnt_x__st"><div data-g-r=lazy data-gl-method=llx id=~ad-slot-7103-usatoday-poster_scroll-news-10-ac1 class="gnt_x_sl gnt_x_sl__st gnt_x_p"></div></aside></div><div class="gnt_x__c gnt_rr_xst"><aside aria-label=advertisement class="gnt_x__lbl gnt_x__st"><div data-g-r=lazy data-gl-method=llx id=~ad-slot-7103-usatoday-poster_scroll-news-11-ac2 data-x-c=2 class="gnt_x_sl gnt_x_sl__st gnt_x_p"></div></aside></div><div class="gnt_x__c gnt_rr_xst"><aside aria-label=advertisement class="gnt_x__lbl gnt_x__st"><div data-g-r=lazy data-gl-method=llx id=~ad-slot-7103-usatoday-poster_scroll-news-12-ac3 data-x-c=3 class="gnt_x_sl gnt_x_sl__st gnt_x_p"></div></aside></div><aside aria-label=advertisement class="gnt_x__c gnt_x__lbl gnt_x__st"><div data-g-r=lazy data-gl-method=llx id=~ad-slot-7103-usatoday-poster_scroll-news-13-ac4 data-x-c=4 class="gnt_x_sl gnt_x_sl__st gnt_x_p"></div></aside></div><div class=gnt_xbr><a class=gnt_ar_xb data-g-r=base_xbutton href=/ data-t-l=:b|v|c|x aria-label=Close></a></div></main></div><footer class=gnt_ft data-g-r="lazy lazy_p" data-gl-type=method data-gl-method=shbd><aside aria-label=advertisement class="gnt_x__c gnt_x__lbl gnt_x__lb"><div id=ad-slot-7103-usatoday-leaderboard_btf-news-15-ac1 class=gnt_x_lb></div></aside><div class="gnt_ft_lw gnt__hbd" data-g-r=lazy_c><div class=gnt_ft_ls aria-label=About><a href=https://www.gannett.com/brands/#usat class=gnt_ft_a data-t-l=:f|v|c|about:about-us>About Us</a> <a href=/contact/staff/ class=gnt_ft_a data-t-l=:f|v|c|about:newsroom-staff>Newsroom Staff</a> <a href=https://cm.usatoday.com/ethical-conduct/ class=gnt_ft_a data-t-l=:f|v|c|about:ethical-principles>Ethical Principles</a> <a href=https://content-static.usatoday.com/styleguide/USA_TODAY_NETWORK_Style_Guide_Final_v1.pdf class=gnt_ft_a data-t-l=:f|v|c|about:usat-style-guide>USA TODAY Network Style Guide</a> <a href=https://www.gannett.com/responsible-disclosure-program/ class=gnt_ft_a data-t-l=:f|v|c|about:responsible-disclosure>Responsible Disclosure</a> <a href=/story/news/2026/01/11/corrections-clarifications-2026/88134660007/ class=gnt_ft_a data-t-l=:f|v|c|about:request-a-correction>Request a Correction</a> <a href=https://gannett.com/media-room/ class=gnt_ft_a data-t-l=:f|v|c|about:media-room>Media Room</a> <a href=https://cm.usatoday.com/accessibility/ class=gnt_ft_a data-t-l=:f|v|c|about:accessibility>Accessibility</a> <a href=/sitemap/ class=gnt_ft_a data-t-l=:f|v|c|about:sitemap>Sitemap</a> <a href=https://cm.usatoday.com/about-your-subscription/ class=gnt_ft_a data-t-l=:f|v|c|about:subscription-terms-conditions>Subscription Terms & Conditions</a> <a href=https://cm.usatoday.com/advertising-acceptance-policy/ class=gnt_ft_a data-t-l=:f|v|c|about:advertiser-acceptance-policy>Advertiser Acceptance Policy</a> <a href=https://cm.usatoday.com/terms/ class=gnt_ft_a data-t-l=:f|v|c|about:terms-of-service>Terms of Service</a> <a href=https://cm.usatoday.com/privacy class=gnt_ft_a data-t-l=:f|v|c|about:privacy>Privacy Policy</a> <a href=https://cm.usatoday.com/california-collection-notice/ class=gnt_ft_a data-t-l=:f|v|c|about:california-notice-at-collection>California Notice at Collection</a> <a href=https://cm.usatoday.com/your-privacy-choices/ class="gnt_ft_a gnt_ft_a__yp" data-t-l=:f|v|c|about:your-privacy-choices>Your Privacy Choices</a></div><div class=gnt_ft_ls aria-label=Support><a href=https://help.usatoday.com/contact-us class=gnt_ft_a data-t-l=:f|v|c|support:contact-us>Contact Us</a> <a href=https://help.usatoday.com/ class=gnt_ft_a data-t-l=:f|v|c|support:help-center>Help Center</a> <a href=https://account.usatoday.com/ class=gnt_ft_a data-t-l=:f|v|c|support:manage-account>Manage Account</a> <a href="https://cm.usatoday.com/site-feedback/?platform=Tangent-Desktop&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Ffactcheck%2F2024%2F10%2F29%2Fstudy-485-million-years-warming-hoax-fact-check%2F75697535007%2F&marketName=usatoday&cta=Footer" class=gnt_ft_a data-t-l=:f|v|c|support:give-feedback>Give Feedback</a> <a href="https://offers.usatoday.com/FOOTERLINK?opm_position=footer&opm_creative=link&opm_name=get-home-delivery&opm_id=65&keycode=w6azn" class=gnt_ft_a data-t-l=:f|v|c|support:get-home-delivery>Get Home Delivery</a> <a href=https://user.usatoday.com/user/enewspaper class=gnt_ft_a data-t-l=:f|v|c|support:e-newspaper>eNewspaper</a> <a href="https://usatodaystore.com/p/usa-today?gps-source=BRNMSVCPLPXXSTOR&utm_source=usat&utm_medium=onsite-footer" class=gnt_ft_a data-t-l=:f|v|c|support:usa-today-shop>USA TODAY Shop</a> <a href="https://onlinestore.usatoday.com/storefront.aspx?utm_source=usat&utm_medium=onsite-footer&utm_term=usatp" class=gnt_ft_a data-t-l=:f|v|c|support:usa-today-print-editions>USA TODAY Print Editions</a> <a href=https://imagn.com/licensing-reprints/ class=gnt_ft_a data-t-l=:f|v|c|support:reprints-and-permissions>Licensing & Reprints</a> <a href="https://advertising.usatoday.com/?utm_source=usatoday&utm_medium=footer" class=gnt_ft_a data-t-l=:f|v|c|support:advertise>Advertise With Us</a> <a href=https://www.gannett.com/careers/ class=gnt_ft_a data-t-l=:f|v|c|support:careers>Careers</a> <a href="https://www.gannett.com/search-jobs/?+=intern" class=gnt_ft_a data-t-l=:f|v|c|support:internships>Internships</a> <a href=https://supportlocal.usatoday.com/ class=gnt_ft_a data-t-l=:f|v|c|support:support-local-business>Support Local Business</a></div><div class=gnt_ft_ls aria-label="Stay Connected"><a href=https://newstips.usatoday.com/ class=gnt_ft_a data-t-l=:f|v|c|stay-connected:news-tips>News Tips</a> <a href=/story/opinion/2019/12/04/submit-letters-columns-and-comment-social/2608825001/ class=gnt_ft_a data-t-l=:f|v|c|stay-connected:how-to-submit>Submitting letters to the editor</a> <a href=/podcasts/ class=gnt_ft_a data-t-l=:f|v|c|stay-connected:podcasts>Podcasts</a> <a href=https://profile.usatoday.com/newsletters/manage/ class=gnt_ft_a data-t-l=:f|v|c|stay-connected:newsletters>Newsletters</a> <a href=https://cm.usatoday.com/subscriberguide#apps class=gnt_ft_a data-t-l=:f|v|c|stay-connected:mobile-apps>Mobile Apps</a> <a href=https://www.facebook.com/usatoday class=gnt_ft_a data-t-l=:f|v|c|stay-connected:facebook>Facebook</a> <a href=https://www.x.com/usatoday class=gnt_ft_a data-t-l=:f|v|c|stay-connected:x>X</a> <a href=https://www.instagram.com/usatoday class=gnt_ft_a data-t-l=:f|v|c|stay-connected:instagram>Instagram</a> <a href=https://www.linkedin.com/company/usa-today class=gnt_ft_a data-t-l=:f|v|c|stay-connected:linkedin>LinkedIn</a> <a href=https://www.threads.net/@usatoday class=gnt_ft_a data-t-l=:f|v|c|stay-connected:threads>Threads</a> <a href=https://www.youtube.com/USATODAY class=gnt_ft_a data-t-l=:f|v|c|stay-connected:youtube>YouTube</a> <a href=https://www.reddit.com/user/usatoday class=gnt_ft_a data-t-l=:f|v|c|stay-connected:reddit>Reddit</a> <a href="https://flipboard.com/@USAToday?utm_source=USAToday&utm_medium=follow&utm_campaign=publisher" class=gnt_ft_a data-t-l=:f|v|c|stay-connected:flipboard>Flipboard</a></div><div class=gnt_ft_ls aria-label="Our Portfolio"><a href=/real-estate class=gnt_ft_a data-t-l=:f|v|c|our-portfolio:address-usa>Real Estate</a> <a href=https://10best.usatoday.com/ class=gnt_ft_a data-t-l=:f|v|c|our-portfolio:10best>10BEST</a> <a href=https://savings.usatoday.com/ class=gnt_ft_a data-t-l=:f|v|c|our-portfolio:savings>USAT Savings</a> <a href=/shopping/ class=gnt_ft_a data-t-l=:f|v|c|our-portfolio:shopping>Shopping</a> <a href=/deals class=gnt_ft_a data-t-l=:f|v|c|our-portfolio:deals>Deals</a> <a href=/cashback class=gnt_ft_a data-t-l=:f|v|c|our-portfolio:cashback>Cashback</a> <a href=/booklist class=gnt_ft_a data-t-l=:f|v|c|our-portfolio:best-selling-booklist>Best-selling Booklist</a> <a href=https://www.southernkitchen.com/ class=gnt_ft_a data-t-l=:f|v|c|our-portfolio:southern-kitchen>Southern Kitchen</a> <a href=/marketplace/jobs/ class=gnt_ft_a data-t-l=:f|v|c|our-portfolio:jobs>Jobs</a> <a href=https://www.usatoday.com/sports/sports-betting/ class=gnt_ft_a data-t-l=:f|v|c|our-portfolio:sports-betting>Sports Betting</a> <a href=https://cm.usatoday.com/sportsweekly class=gnt_ft_a data-t-l=:f|v|c|our-portfolio:sports-weekly>Sports Weekly</a> <a href=https://www.studiogci.com/ class=gnt_ft_a data-t-l=:f|v|c|our-portfolio:studio-gannett>Studio Gannett</a> <a href=https://classifieds.usatoday.com/ class=gnt_ft_a data-t-l=:f|v|c|our-portfolio:classifieds>Classifieds</a> <a href=/money/blueprint/ class=gnt_ft_a data-t-l=:f|v|c|our-portfolio:blueprint rel=sponsored>Blueprint</a> <a href=https://witness.usatoday.com/ class=gnt_ft_a data-t-l=:f|v|c|our-portfolio:witness>WITNESS (True Crime)</a> <a href=/tech/internet/ class=gnt_ft_a data-t-l=:f|v|c|our-portfolio:home-internet-services rel=sponsored>Home Internet Services</a></div></div><div class=gnt_ft_cr elementtiming=footer-cr>© 2026 USA TODAY, a division of Gannett Satellite Information Network, LLC.</div></footer><script>'use strict';
    g$.ut("gnt bodyend");
if(!g$.hp["gnt-d-elo"]){const e=g$,l=e.ca,f="boolean",m=k=>"touchstart"===k||"touchmove"===k||"touchend"===k||"touchcancel"===k||"wheel"===k||"mousewheel"===k||"DOMMouseScroll"===k,p=HTMLElement.prototype.addEventListener=function(k,t,B,D){"mozfullscreenchange"!==k&&"MSFullscreenChange"!==k&&"msfullscreenchange"!==k&&"iframeSet"!==k&&("DOMNodeInserted"!==k||"DOMNodeRemoved"!==k||"DOMAttrModified"!==k||"DOMSubtreeModified"!==k||"DOMCharacterDataModified"!==k?(e.aeld.call(this,k,t,B),l&&m(k)&&!B?.passive&&
l({m:"elo t",stack:Error().stack},"h8e4",k,0,7)):e.cc({m:"elo m",stack:Error().stack},"h8e2",k,0,5))};window.addEventListener=document.addEventListener=document.documentElement.addEventListener=document.body.addEventListener=function(k,t,B){let D;if(m(k)||"mousedown"===k||"mouseup"===k||"mouseover"===k||"mouseout"===k||"mousemove"===k||"keydown"===k||"keyup"===k||"keypress"===k||"selectstart"===k){const X=typeof B;"undefined"===X||X===f?(B=X===f?{capture:B,passive:!0}:{passive:!0},D=!0):typeof B.passive!==
f&&(B.passive=D=!0)}p.call(this,k,t,B,D)}}g$.as=(e,l,f,m,p,k)=>{const t=(k||document).createElement("script");t.src=e;t.async=!0;m&&(t.crossOrigin="use-credentials"===m?m:!0);l&&(t.onload=l);f&&(t.onerror=f);p&&p(t);(k||document).head.appendChild(t)};g$.btau=e=>btoa(e).replace(/=/g,"").replace(/\+/g,"-").replace(/\//g,"_");;gnt.data={"adAamProps":"tangent-desktop|desktop|story pages","adBuild":"tangent-desktop","adPageType":"story","adTopic":"fact-check,nasa,to-the-point,modular-story,overall-negative,climate-change-global-warming,green-living-environmental-issues","baseName":"usatoday","canonicalURL":"https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2024/10/29/study-485-million-years-warming-hoax-fact-check/75697535007/","clenv":"production","contentByline":"Kate S. Petersen","contentCategory":"science,ecology-environment,climate-change-global-warming,people-society,social-issues-advocacy,green-living-environmental-issues","contentContributorNames":"Kate S. Petersen","contentCst":"news","contentDatePublished":"2024-10-29T21:36:08Z","contentHeadline":"High ancient temperatures don't prove modern warming a 'hoax' | Fact check","contentId":"75697535007","contentKeywords":"fact check,nasa,to the point,modular story,overall negative,climate change & global warming,green living & environmental issues","contentName":"/story/news/factcheck/2024/10/29/study-485-million-years-warming-hoax-fact-check/75697535007/","contentProtectionState":"free","contentSstsSection":"news","contentSstsSubsection":"news:factcheck","contentSstsSubtopic":"news:factcheck","contentSstsTopic":"news:factcheck","contentSource":"USA TODAY","contentTags":"Fact Check|NASA|To the Point|Modular Story|Overall Negative|Climate Change & Global Warming|Green Living & Environmental Issues","contentType":"story pages","contentWordCount":1363,"cstCategory":"news","customerServicePhoneNumber":"1-800-872-0001","googleTagsNameArray":"Science|Ecology & Environment|Climate Change & Global Warming|People & Society|Social Issues & Advocacy|Green Living & Environmental Issues","gd":".usatoday.com","isRequestFromFastly":true,"legacyCompany":"Gannett","pageBrandlock":"no","pageComponents":"kick","pageExperienceType":"desktop","pageHasGallery":"yes","pageHasVideo":"yes","pageHasVideoAutoplay":true,"pageOembed":"1|1,infogram,75697535007","publicationDomain":"usatoday.com","publicationName":"USA TODAY","sectionName":"news","serverTimestamp":1772366101419,"siteCode":"USAT","siteId":"1","sstsPath":"news/factcheck","subSectionName":"factcheck","taboolaPublisherId":"usatodaydemo","v":"0.5112.0","wb":"www.usatoday.com"};
if(-1<g$.ua.indexOf("GannettNativeWebView")){let e=g$,l="gnt-u-pid",f;if(e.hp.hasOwnProperty(l)){l=e.hp[l];if(23===l.length&&"_"===l[13])for(let m,p=0;p<l.length;p++){if(m=l.charCodeAt(p),!(47<m&&58>m||13===p)){f=1;break}}else f=1;f?e.cc("opid","h5k1",l):gnt.pid=l}gnt.data.adBuild="native-tangent"}gnt.pid||(gnt.pid=gnt.now+"_"+(Math.floor(1E9*g$.mr)+"").padStart(9,"0"));;(function(){function e(){sa=new Promise((y,J)=>{ta=y;q=J});sa.catch(y=>{p(y,"h3h3")})}const {storage:l,u:f}=gnt,m=g$,{cc:p,ls:k,jp:t,js:B}=m,D=f.localUserJson=l&&k.getItem("gupUserInfo"),X=l&&k.getItem("user_insights");let Y,da,sa,ta,q,A,O,K;if(D)try{(f.localUser=f.user=t(D)).local=!0}catch(y){p(y,"h3h1",D)}if(X)try{K=t(X)}catch(y){p(y,"h3h2",X)}K||={};K.local=!0;f.insights=K;f.getUser=function(){O||(A||=setTimeout(()=>{da=!0;f.dr||(f.dr=2);Y=A=0;q(Error("GUP timeout"));
e();p("Timed out waiting for GUP response","h3h4")},3E3),Y&&!da)||(e(),da&&(f.ip=0),da=!1,Y=(f.ip||f.ld()).then(y=>{if(!y.ok){f.dr||(f.dr=5);const J="Failure response code from GUP";p(J,"h3h9",y.status);throw Error(J);}y.json().then(J=>{m.ut("gnt userDataLoaded");if(J){const P=J.response&&J.response.insights;if(P&&(f.insights=K=P,l))try{const L=B(P);L!==X&&k.setItem("user_insights",L)}catch(L){p(L,"h3h5",P)}if(l)try{const L=B(J);D!==L&&k.setItem("gupUserInfo",L)}catch(L){p(L,"h3h6",J)}}ta(f.user=
O=J);clearTimeout(A);Y=A=0;f.dr||(f.dr=1)}).catch(J=>{da=!0;f.dr||(f.dr=4);clearTimeout(A);Y=A=0;q(J);p(J,"h3h7")})}).catch(y=>{da=!0;clearTimeout(A);Y=A=0;q(y)}));return sa}})();;
{const e=g$,l=!e.b.i;e.pre=function(m,p,k){if(m){const t=l&&"p"!==p;p="d"!==p;for(const B of m)t&&f(B,"dns-prefetch"),p&&f(B,"preconnect",k)}};e.preload=function(m,p="script",k,t){m&&f(m,"preload",k,p,t);return m};function f(m,p,k,t,B){const D=document.createElement("link");D.href=m;D.rel=p;t&&(D.as=t);k&&(D.crossOrigin="use-credentials"===k?k:!0);B&&(D.fetchPriority=B);e.d.head.appendChild(D)}}
if(!g$.hp["gnt-d-urlupdate"]){let e,l,f,m;const p=g$,k=p.hp,t=p.l;;p.qsp["for-guid"]&&(e=1,f=(f=p.sQS(p.qsp,{"for-guid":1}))?"?"+f:f);;if(k["gnt-u-pid"]||k["gnt-rf"]||k["gnt-fcmn"]||k["gnt-rtk"]||0<t.hash.indexOf("itm_"))m=p.sQS(k,{"gnt-rf":1,"gnt-fcmn":1,"gnt-rtk":1,"gnt-u-pid":1,
itm_source:1,itm_content:1,itm_campaign:1,itm_medium:1,itm_term:1}),m!==t.hash.substr(1)&&(l=1,t.oh=t.href,m=m?"#"+m:m);if(e||l){const B=new URL(t.href);;e&&(B.search=f);;l&&(B.hash=m);history.replaceState(null,"",B)}};
{const e=g$.hp["gnt-dfp-xlabel"]||g$.qsp.usatl;gnt.x={initXCall:!0,acctId:"7103",acctName:"usatoday",srvX:[{"nums":[1],"cnt":1,"placement":"high_impact","bidPlacement":"high_impact","sizes":[[1000,250],[970,250],[970,90],[970,66],[728,90],[1,2]],"unit":"/7103/usatoday/high_impact/news","a9Slot":{"sizes":[[970,250],[728,90]]},"pbSlot":{"mediaTypes":{"banner":{"sizes":[[970,250],[728,90]],"pos":1}},"bids":[{"bidder":"appnexus","params":{"s":[970,250],"placement_id":10668240,"use_pmt_rule":false,"keywords":"brandsafety=disasters,brandsafety=custom-publix,section=news,topic=Fact Check,topic=NASA,topic=To the Point,topic=Modular Story,topic=Overall Negative,topic=Climate Change & Global Warming,topic=Green Living & Environmental Issues,position=high_impact","reserve":0.02}},{"bidder":"appnexus","params":{"s":[728,90],"placement_id":15674532,"use_pmt_rule":false,"keywords":"brandsafety=disasters,brandsafety=custom-publix,section=news,topic=Fact Check,topic=NASA,topic=To the Point,topic=Modular Story,topic=Overall Negative,topic=Climate Change & Global Warming,topic=Green Living & Environmental Issues,position=high_impact","reserve":0.02}},{"bidder":"criteo","params":{"s":[970,250],"pubid":"109694","networkId":1493}},{"bidder":"criteo","params":{"s":[728,90],"pubid":"109694","networkId":1493}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"s":[970,250],"siteId":"196725","size":[970,250]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"s":[728,90],"siteId":"196725","size":[728,90]}},{"bidder":"kargo","params":{"placementId":"_z2VJt14W6F"}},{"bidder":"yahoossp","params":{"s":[970,250],"dcn":"8a969d030176764773184831dc370011","pos":"8a9691fb0176764776a348343fd5001c"},"g":"US"},{"bidder":"medianet","params":{"s":[970,250],"crid":"413536461","cid":"8CUM5GF61"}},{"bidder":"minutemedia","params":{"placementId":"USATODAY_Desktop_Display","org":"01j596e8yy75"}},{"bidder":"nativo","params":{"placementId":"1614260"}},{"bidder":"sharethrough","params":{"s":[970,250],"pkey":"BnsgfKIWSCbAiOMSUk8VwICo"}},{"bidder":"smaato","params":{"adspaceId":"135836771","publisherId":"1100056173"},"g":"CA|AU|PH|AE"},{"bidder":"openx","params":{"s":[970,250],"unit":"538809158","delDomain":"gannett-d.openx.net","customParams":{"section":"news","topic":["Fact Check","NASA","To the Point","Modular Story","Overall Negative","Climate Change & Global Warming","Green Living & Environmental Issues"],"brandsafety":["disasters","custom-publix"]}},"g":"CA|UK"},{"bidder":"openx","params":{"s":[728,90],"unit":"540401029","delDomain":"gannett-d.openx.net","customParams":{"section":"news","topic":["Fact Check","NASA","To the Point","Modular Story","Overall Negative","Climate Change & Global Warming","Green Living & Environmental Issues"],"brandsafety":["disasters","custom-publix"]}},"g":"CA|UK"},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"s":[970,250],"adSlot":"USATODAY_Desktop_Display","publisherId":"165466"},"g":"CA|UK|NZ|AU"},{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"siteId":"29970","zoneId":120286,"position":"atf","accountId":"11324","bidonmultiformat":true,"inventory":{"domain":["usatoday.com"],"section":["news"],"subsection":[""],"topic":["Fact Check","NASA","To the Point","Modular Story","Overall Negative","Climate Change & Global Warming","Green Living & Environmental Issues"],"brandsafety":["disasters","custom-publix"]}}},{"bidder":"sovrn","params":{"s":[970,250],"tagid":"1287449"}},{"bidder":"taboola","params":{"s":[970,250],"publisherId":"1468240","tagId":"/7103/usatoday/high_impact/news","bidfloor":0.1}},{"bidder":"teads","params":{"s":[970,250],"placementId":134024,"pageId":118635}},{"bidder":"undertone","params":{"s":[970,250],"placementId":113025,"publisherId":113}}]},"cfg":{"nolazy":1,"ia":1,"prmt":1,"mtm":1}},{"nums":[2],"cnt":1,"placement":"banner_videoplayer","bidPlacement":"banner_videoplayer","sizes":[[728,90]],"unit":"/7103/usatoday/banner_videoplayer/news","a9Slot":{"sizes":[[728,90]]},"pbSlot":{"mediaTypes":{"banner":{"sizes":[[728,90]],"pos":0}},"bids":[{"bidder":"appnexus","params":{"s":[728,90],"placement_id":15674532,"use_pmt_rule":false,"keywords":"brandsafety=disasters,brandsafety=custom-publix,section=news,topic=Fact Check,topic=NASA,topic=To the Point,topic=Modular Story,topic=Overall Negative,topic=Climate Change & Global Warming,topic=Green Living & Environmental Issues,position=banner_videoplayer","reserve":0.02}},{"bidder":"criteo","params":{"s":[728,90],"pubid":"109694","networkId":1493}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"s":[728,90],"siteId":"196727","size":[728,90]}},{"bidder":"kargo","params":{"placementId":"_z2VJt14W6F"}},{"bidder":"yahoossp","params":{"s":[728,90],"dcn":"8a969d030176764773184831dc370011","pos":"8a9695f7017676477a7748343ee50016"},"g":"US"},{"bidder":"medianet","params":{"s":[728,90],"crid":"413536461","cid":"8CUM5GF61"}},{"bidder":"minutemedia","params":{"placementId":"USATODAY_Desktop_Display","org":"01j596e8yy75"}},{"bidder":"nativo","params":{"placementId":"1614260"}},{"bidder":"sharethrough","params":{"s":[728,90],"pkey":"BnsgfKIWSCbAiOMSUk8VwICo"}},{"bidder":"smaato","params":{"adspaceId":"135836771","publisherId":"1100056173"},"g":"CA|AU|PH|AE"},{"bidder":"openx","params":{"s":[728,90],"unit":"540401029","delDomain":"gannett-d.openx.net","customParams":{"section":"news","topic":["Fact Check","NASA","To the Point","Modular Story","Overall Negative","Climate Change & Global Warming","Green Living & Environmental Issues"],"brandsafety":["disasters","custom-publix"]}},"g":"CA|UK"},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"s":[728,90],"adSlot":"USATODAY_Desktop_Display","publisherId":"165466"},"g":"CA|UK|NZ|AU"},{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"siteId":"29970","zoneId":120286,"position":"atf","accountId":"11324","bidonmultiformat":true,"inventory":{"domain":["usatoday.com"],"section":["news"],"subsection":[""],"topic":["Fact Check","NASA","To the Point","Modular Story","Overall Negative","Climate Change & Global Warming","Green Living & Environmental Issues"],"brandsafety":["disasters","custom-publix"]}}},{"bidder":"sovrn","params":{"s":[728,90],"tagid":"1287449"}},{"bidder":"taboola","params":{"s":[728,90],"publisherId":"1468240","tagId":"/7103/usatoday/banner_videoplayer/news","bidfloor":0.1}},{"bidder":"teads","params":{"s":[728,90],"placementId":134024,"pageId":118635}},{"bidder":"trustx","params":{"s":[728,90],"uid":3779,"keywords":{"brandsafety":["disasters","custom-publix"],"topic":["Fact Check","NASA","To the Point","Modular Story","Overall Negative","Climate Change & Global Warming","Green Living & Environmental Issues"]},"useNewFormat":true},"g":"CA"},{"bidder":"undertone","params":{"s":[728,90],"placementId":113017,"publisherId":113}}]},"cfg":{"if":1,"rf":1,"sfo":1}},{"nums":[3],"cnt":1,"placement":"banner_videoplayer-dk","bidPlacement":"banner_videoplayer-dk","sizes":[[320,50]],"unit":"/7103/usatoday/banner_videoplayer/news","a9Slot":{"sizes":[[320,50]]},"pbSlot":{"mediaTypes":{"banner":{"sizes":[[320,50]],"pos":0}},"bids":[{"bidder":"criteo","params":{"s":[320,50],"pubid":"109694","networkId":1493}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"s":[320,50],"siteId":"196727","size":[320,50]}},{"bidder":"kargo","params":{"placementId":"_z2VJt14W6F"}},{"bidder":"medianet","params":{"s":[320,50],"crid":"413536461","cid":"8CUM5GF61"}},{"bidder":"minutemedia","params":{"placementId":"USATODAY_Desktop_Display","org":"01j596e8yy75"}},{"bidder":"nativo","params":{"placementId":"1614260"}},{"bidder":"sharethrough","params":{"s":[320,50],"pkey":"BnsgfKIWSCbAiOMSUk8VwICo"}},{"bidder":"smaato","params":{"adspaceId":"135836771","publisherId":"1100056173"},"g":"CA|AU|PH|AE"},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"s":[320,50],"adSlot":"USATODAY_Desktop_Display","publisherId":"165466"},"g":"CA|UK|NZ|AU"},{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"siteId":"29970","zoneId":120286,"position":"atf","accountId":"11324","bidonmultiformat":true,"inventory":{"domain":["usatoday.com"],"section":["news"],"subsection":[""],"topic":["Fact Check","NASA","To the Point","Modular Story","Overall Negative","Climate Change & Global Warming","Green Living & Environmental Issues"],"brandsafety":["disasters","custom-publix"]}}},{"bidder":"sovrn","params":{"s":[320,50],"tagid":"1287449"}},{"bidder":"taboola","params":{"s":[320,50],"publisherId":"1468240","tagId":"/7103/usatoday/banner_videoplayer-dk/news","bidfloor":0.1}},{"bidder":"teads","params":{"s":[320,50],"placementId":134024,"pageId":118635}}]},"cfg":{"nolazy":1,"rf":1,"sfo":1}},{"nums":[[4,8]],"cnt":5,"placement":"native-article_link","bidPlacement":"native-article_link","sizes":[[640,360],[300,250],[3,3],[1,1],"fluid"],"unit":"/7103/usatoday/native-article_link/news","a9Slot":{"sizes":[[640,360],[300,250],[3,3]]},"pbSlot":{"mediaTypes":{"banner":{"sizes":[[640,360],[300,250],[3,3]],"pos":1},"video":{"api":[2],"context":"outstream","linearity":1,"maxduration":120,"minduration":0,"mimes":["application/javascript","video/mp4","video/webm","video/ogg","application/x-mpegURL","application/dash+xml","video/x-ms-wmv","video/ms-asf"],"size_id":203,"startdelay":0,"playerWidth":640,"playerHeight":360,"playerSize":[640,360],"plcmt":2,"placement":1,"protocols":[2,3,5,6,7,8]}},"bids":[{"bidder":"appnexus","params":{"s":[300,250],"placement_id":10668241,"use_pmt_rule":false,"keywords":"brandsafety=disasters,brandsafety=custom-publix,section=news,topic=Fact Check,topic=NASA,topic=To the Point,topic=Modular Story,topic=Overall Negative,topic=Climate Change & Global Warming,topic=Green Living & Environmental Issues,position=native-article_link","reserve":0.02}},{"bidder":"criteo","params":{"s":[640,360],"pubid":"109694","networkId":1493}},{"bidder":"criteo","params":{"s":[300,250],"pubid":"109694","networkId":1493}},{"bidder":"criteo","params":{"s":[3,3],"pubid":"109694","networkId":1493}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"s":[640,360],"siteId":"1019082","size":[640,360]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"s":[300,250],"siteId":"1019082","size":[300,250]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"s":[3,3],"siteId":"1019082","size":[3,3]}},{"bidder":"kargo","params":{"placementId":"_rka5Wp5NbZ"}},{"bidder":"yahoossp","params":{"s":[300,250],"dcn":"8a969d030176764773184831dc370011","pos":"8a969d0301767647731848343cd60014"},"g":"US"},{"bidder":"medianet","params":{"s":[300,250],"crid":"413536461","cid":"8CUM5GF61"}},{"bidder":"minutemedia","params":{"placementId":"USATODAY_Desktop_Mid-Article","org":"01j596e8yy75"}},{"bidder":"nativo","params":{"placementId":"1614261"}},{"bidder":"sharethrough","params":{"s":[640,360],"pkey":"IqgqpDBO1jIq04PrT9ZzCRgI"}},{"bidder":"smaato","params":{"adspaceId":"135836771","publisherId":"1100056173"},"g":"CA|AU|PH|AE"},{"bidder":"openx","params":{"s":[300,250],"unit":"538809119","delDomain":"gannett-d.openx.net","customParams":{"section":"news","topic":["Fact Check","NASA","To the Point","Modular Story","Overall Negative","Climate Change & Global Warming","Green Living & Environmental Issues"],"brandsafety":["disasters","custom-publix"]}},"g":"CA|UK"},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"s":[640,360],"adSlot":"USATODAY_Desktop_Mid-Article","publisherId":"165466"},"g":"CA|UK|NZ|AU"},{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"siteId":"29970","zoneId":3027428,"position":"atf","video":{"language":"en","size_id":203},"accountId":"11324","bidonmultiformat":true,"inventory":{"domain":["usatoday.com"],"section":["news"],"subsection":[""],"topic":["Fact Check","NASA","To the Point","Modular Story","Overall Negative","Climate Change & Global Warming","Green Living & Environmental Issues"],"brandsafety":["disasters","custom-publix"]}}},{"bidder":"sovrn","params":{"s":[640,360],"tagid":"1287608"}},{"bidder":"taboola","params":{"s":[300,250],"publisherId":"1468240","tagId":"/7103/usatoday/native-article_link/news","bidfloor":0.1}},{"bidder":"teads","params":{"s":[640,360],"placementId":128712,"pageId":118635,"po":{"placementId":160225,"pageId":146245}}},{"bidder":"trustx","params":{"s":[300,250],"uid":402890,"keywords":{"brandsafety":["disasters","custom-publix"],"topic":["Fact Check","NASA","To the Point","Modular Story","Overall Negative","Climate Change & Global Warming","Green Living & Environmental Issues"]},"useNewFormat":true},"g":"CA"},{"bidder":"undertone","params":{"s":[300,250],"placementId":113023,"publisherId":113}}]},"cfg":{"if":1,"prmt":1}},{"nums":[9],"cnt":1,"placement":"poster","bidPlacement":"poster","sizes":[[300,250],[300,600]],"unit":"/7103/usatoday/poster/news","a9Slot":{"sizes":[[300,250],[300,600]]},"pbSlot":{"mediaTypes":{"banner":{"sizes":[[300,250],[300,600]],"pos":1}},"bids":[{"bidder":"appnexus","params":{"s":[300,250],"placement_id":10668241,"use_pmt_rule":false,"keywords":"brandsafety=disasters,brandsafety=custom-publix,section=news,topic=Fact Check,topic=NASA,topic=To the Point,topic=Modular Story,topic=Overall Negative,topic=Climate Change & Global Warming,topic=Green Living & Environmental Issues,position=poster","reserve":0.02}},{"bidder":"appnexus","params":{"s":[300,600],"placement_id":10668252,"use_pmt_rule":false,"keywords":"brandsafety=disasters,brandsafety=custom-publix,section=news,topic=Fact Check,topic=NASA,topic=To the Point,topic=Modular Story,topic=Overall Negative,topic=Climate Change & Global Warming,topic=Green Living & Environmental Issues,position=poster","reserve":0.02}},{"bidder":"criteo","params":{"s":[300,250],"pubid":"109694","networkId":1493}},{"bidder":"criteo","params":{"s":[300,600],"pubid":"109694","networkId":1493}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"s":[300,250],"siteId":"196728","size":[300,250]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"s":[300,600],"siteId":"196728","size":[300,600]}},{"bidder":"kargo","params":{"placementId":"_a9YTKLZGVX"}},{"bidder":"yahoossp","params":{"s":[300,600],"dcn":"8a969d030176764773184831dc370011","pos":"8a969d0301767647731848343ddf0015"},"g":"US"},{"bidder":"medianet","params":{"s":[300,600],"crid":"413536461","cid":"8CUM5GF61"}},{"bidder":"minutemedia","params":{"placementId":"USATODAY_Desktop_Display","org":"01j596e8yy75"}},{"bidder":"nativo","params":{"placementId":"1614260"}},{"bidder":"sharethrough","params":{"s":[300,600],"pkey":"BnsgfKIWSCbAiOMSUk8VwICo"}},{"bidder":"smaato","params":{"adspaceId":"135836771","publisherId":"1100056173"},"g":"CA|AU|PH|AE"},{"bidder":"openx","params":{"s":[300,250],"unit":"538809119","delDomain":"gannett-d.openx.net","customParams":{"section":"news","topic":["Fact Check","NASA","To the Point","Modular Story","Overall Negative","Climate Change & Global Warming","Green Living & Environmental Issues"],"brandsafety":["disasters","custom-publix"]}},"g":"CA|UK"},{"bidder":"openx","params":{"s":[300,600],"unit":"538809120","delDomain":"gannett-d.openx.net","customParams":{"section":"news","topic":["Fact Check","NASA","To the Point","Modular Story","Overall Negative","Climate Change & Global Warming","Green Living & Environmental Issues"],"brandsafety":["disasters","custom-publix"]}},"g":"CA|UK"},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"s":[300,600],"adSlot":"USATODAY_Desktop_Display","publisherId":"165466"},"g":"CA|UK|NZ|AU"},{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"siteId":"29970","zoneId":120286,"position":"atf","accountId":"11324","bidonmultiformat":true,"inventory":{"domain":["usatoday.com"],"section":["news"],"subsection":[""],"topic":["Fact Check","NASA","To the Point","Modular Story","Overall Negative","Climate Change & Global Warming","Green Living & Environmental Issues"],"brandsafety":["disasters","custom-publix"]}}},{"bidder":"sovrn","params":{"s":[300,600],"tagid":"1287449"}},{"bidder":"taboola","params":{"s":[300,600],"publisherId":"1468240","tagId":"/7103/usatoday/poster/news","bidfloor":0.1}},{"bidder":"teads","params":{"s":[300,250],"placementId":134024,"pageId":118635}},{"bidder":"trustx","params":{"s":[300,250],"uid":3779,"keywords":{"brandsafety":["disasters","custom-publix"],"topic":["Fact Check","NASA","To the Point","Modular Story","Overall Negative","Climate Change & Global Warming","Green Living & Environmental Issues"]},"useNewFormat":true},"g":"CA"},{"bidder":"trustx","params":{"s":[300,600],"uid":3779,"keywords":{"brandsafety":["disasters","custom-publix"],"topic":["Fact Check","NASA","To the Point","Modular Story","Overall Negative","Climate Change & Global Warming","Green Living & Environmental Issues"]},"useNewFormat":true},"g":"CA"},{"bidder":"undertone","params":{"s":[300,600],"placementId":113019,"publisherId":113}}]},"cfg":{"nolazy":1,"ia":1,"rf":1}},{"nums":[[10,13]],"cnt":4,"placement":"poster_scroll","bidPlacement":"poster_scroll","sizes":[[300,250],[300,600],[300,1050]],"unit":"/7103/usatoday/poster_scroll/news","a9Slot":{"sizes":[[300,250],[300,600],[300,1050]]},"pbSlot":{"mediaTypes":{"banner":{"sizes":[[300,250],[300,600],[300,1050]],"pos":1}},"bids":[{"bidder":"appnexus","params":{"s":[300,250],"placement_id":10668241,"use_pmt_rule":false,"keywords":"brandsafety=disasters,brandsafety=custom-publix,section=news,topic=Fact Check,topic=NASA,topic=To the Point,topic=Modular Story,topic=Overall Negative,topic=Climate Change & Global Warming,topic=Green Living & Environmental Issues,position=poster_scroll","reserve":0.02}},{"bidder":"appnexus","params":{"s":[300,600],"placement_id":10668252,"use_pmt_rule":false,"keywords":"brandsafety=disasters,brandsafety=custom-publix,section=news,topic=Fact Check,topic=NASA,topic=To the Point,topic=Modular Story,topic=Overall Negative,topic=Climate Change & Global Warming,topic=Green Living & Environmental Issues,position=poster_scroll","reserve":0.02}},{"bidder":"appnexus","params":{"s":[300,1050],"placement_id":10668243,"use_pmt_rule":false,"keywords":"brandsafety=disasters,brandsafety=custom-publix,section=news,topic=Fact Check,topic=NASA,topic=To the Point,topic=Modular Story,topic=Overall Negative,topic=Climate Change & Global Warming,topic=Green Living & Environmental Issues,position=poster_scroll","reserve":0.02}},{"bidder":"criteo","params":{"s":[300,250],"pubid":"109694","networkId":1493}},{"bidder":"criteo","params":{"s":[300,600],"pubid":"109694","networkId":1493}},{"bidder":"criteo","params":{"s":[300,1050],"pubid":"109694","networkId":1493}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"s":[300,250],"siteId":"196732","size":[300,250]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"s":[300,600],"siteId":"196732","size":[300,600]}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"s":[300,1050],"siteId":"196732","size":[300,1050]}},{"bidder":"kargo","params":{"placementId":"_a9YTKLZGVX"}},{"bidder":"yahoossp","params":{"s":[300,1050],"dcn":"8a969d030176764773184831dc370011","pos":"8a9691fb0176764776a348343bd6001b"},"g":"US"},{"bidder":"medianet","params":{"s":[300,1050],"crid":"413536461","cid":"8CUM5GF61"}},{"bidder":"minutemedia","params":{"placementId":"USATODAY_Desktop_Display","org":"01j596e8yy75"}},{"bidder":"nativo","params":{"placementId":"1614260"}},{"bidder":"sharethrough","params":{"s":[300,1050],"pkey":"BnsgfKIWSCbAiOMSUk8VwICo"}},{"bidder":"smaato","params":{"adspaceId":"135836771","publisherId":"1100056173"},"g":"CA|AU|PH|AE"},{"bidder":"openx","params":{"s":[300,250],"unit":"538809119","delDomain":"gannett-d.openx.net","customParams":{"section":"news","topic":["Fact Check","NASA","To the Point","Modular Story","Overall Negative","Climate Change & Global Warming","Green Living & Environmental Issues"],"brandsafety":["disasters","custom-publix"]}},"g":"CA|UK"},{"bidder":"openx","params":{"s":[300,600],"unit":"538809120","delDomain":"gannett-d.openx.net","customParams":{"section":"news","topic":["Fact Check","NASA","To the Point","Modular Story","Overall Negative","Climate Change & Global Warming","Green Living & Environmental Issues"],"brandsafety":["disasters","custom-publix"]}},"g":"CA|UK"},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"s":[300,1050],"adSlot":"USATODAY_Desktop_Display","publisherId":"165466"},"g":"CA|UK|NZ|AU"},{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"siteId":"29970","zoneId":120286,"position":"atf","accountId":"11324","bidonmultiformat":true,"inventory":{"domain":["usatoday.com"],"section":["news"],"subsection":[""],"topic":["Fact Check","NASA","To the Point","Modular Story","Overall Negative","Climate Change & Global Warming","Green Living & Environmental Issues"],"brandsafety":["disasters","custom-publix"]}}},{"bidder":"sovrn","params":{"s":[300,1050],"tagid":"1287449"}},{"bidder":"taboola","params":{"s":[300,600],"publisherId":"1468240","tagId":"/7103/usatoday/poster_scroll/news","bidfloor":0.1}},{"bidder":"teads","params":{"s":[300,250],"placementId":134024,"pageId":118635}},{"bidder":"trustx","params":{"s":[300,250],"uid":3779,"keywords":{"brandsafety":["disasters","custom-publix"],"topic":["Fact Check","NASA","To the Point","Modular Story","Overall Negative","Climate Change & Global Warming","Green Living & Environmental Issues"]},"useNewFormat":true},"g":"CA"},{"bidder":"trustx","params":{"s":[300,600],"uid":3779,"keywords":{"brandsafety":["disasters","custom-publix"],"topic":["Fact Check","NASA","To the Point","Modular Story","Overall Negative","Climate Change & Global Warming","Green Living & Environmental Issues"]},"useNewFormat":true},"g":"CA"},{"bidder":"undertone","params":{"s":[300,600],"placementId":113019,"publisherId":113}}]},"cfg":{"if":1,"rf":1}},{"nums":[14],"cnt":1,"placement":"adhesion","bidPlacement":"adhesion","sizes":[[970,90],[728,90],[320,50]],"unit":"/7103/usatoday/adhesion/news","a9Slot":{"sizes":[[728,90],[320,50]]},"pbSlot":{"mediaTypes":{"banner":{"sizes":[[728,90],[320,50]],"pos":0}},"bids":[{"bidder":"appnexus","params":{"s":[728,90],"placement_id":15674532,"use_pmt_rule":false,"keywords":"brandsafety=disasters,brandsafety=custom-publix,section=news,topic=Fact Check,topic=NASA,topic=To the Point,topic=Modular Story,topic=Overall Negative,topic=Climate Change & Global Warming,topic=Green Living & Environmental Issues,position=adhesion","reserve":0.02}},{"bidder":"criteo","params":{"s":[728,90],"pubid":"109694","networkId":1493}},{"bidder":"criteo","params":{"s":[320,50],"pubid":"109694","networkId":1493}},{"bidder":"yahoossp","params":{"s":[728,90],"dcn":"8a969d030176764773184831dc370011","pos":"8a9695f7017676477a7748343ee50016"},"g":"US"},{"bidder":"medianet","params":{"s":[728,90],"crid":"413536461","cid":"8CUM5GF61"}},{"bidder":"minutemedia","params":{"placementId":"USATODAY_Desktop_Display","org":"01j596e8yy75"}},{"bidder":"nativo","params":{"placementId":"1614260"}},{"bidder":"sharethrough","params":{"s":[728,90],"pkey":"BnsgfKIWSCbAiOMSUk8VwICo"}},{"bidder":"smaato","params":{"adspaceId":"135836771","publisherId":"1100056173"},"g":"CA|AU|PH|AE"},{"bidder":"openx","params":{"s":[728,90],"unit":"540401029","delDomain":"gannett-d.openx.net","customParams":{"section":"news","topic":["Fact Check","NASA","To the Point","Modular Story","Overall Negative","Climate Change & Global Warming","Green Living & Environmental Issues"],"brandsafety":["disasters","custom-publix"]}},"g":"CA|UK"},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"s":[728,90],"adSlot":"USATODAY_Desktop_Display","publisherId":"165466"},"g":"CA|UK|NZ|AU"},{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"siteId":"29970","zoneId":120286,"position":"atf","accountId":"11324","bidonmultiformat":true,"inventory":{"domain":["usatoday.com"],"section":["news"],"subsection":[""],"topic":["Fact Check","NASA","To the Point","Modular Story","Overall Negative","Climate Change & Global Warming","Green Living & Environmental Issues"],"brandsafety":["disasters","custom-publix"]}}},{"bidder":"sovrn","params":{"s":[728,90],"tagid":"1287449"}},{"bidder":"taboola","params":{"s":[728,90],"publisherId":"1468240","tagId":"/7103/usatoday/adhesion/news","bidfloor":0.1}},{"bidder":"undertone","params":{"s":[728,90],"placementId":113017,"publisherId":113}}]},"cfg":{"nolazy":1,"rf":1,"rfs":1,"sfo":1}},{"nums":[15],"cnt":1,"placement":"leaderboard_btf","bidPlacement":"leaderboard_btf","sizes":[[728,90]],"unit":"/7103/usatoday/leaderboard_btf/news","a9Slot":{"sizes":[[728,90]]},"pbSlot":{"mediaTypes":{"banner":{"sizes":[[728,90]],"pos":0}},"bids":[{"bidder":"appnexus","params":{"s":[728,90],"placement_id":15674532,"use_pmt_rule":false,"keywords":"brandsafety=disasters,brandsafety=custom-publix,section=news,topic=Fact Check,topic=NASA,topic=To the Point,topic=Modular Story,topic=Overall Negative,topic=Climate Change & Global Warming,topic=Green Living & Environmental Issues,position=leaderboard_btf","reserve":0.02}},{"bidder":"criteo","params":{"s":[728,90],"pubid":"109694","networkId":1493}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"s":[728,90],"siteId":"196727","size":[728,90]}},{"bidder":"yahoossp","params":{"s":[728,90],"dcn":"8a969d030176764773184831dc370011","pos":"8a9695f7017676477a7748343ee50016"},"g":"US"},{"bidder":"medianet","params":{"s":[728,90],"crid":"413536461","cid":"8CUM5GF61"}},{"bidder":"minutemedia","params":{"placementId":"USATODAY_Desktop_Display","org":"01j596e8yy75"}},{"bidder":"nativo","params":{"placementId":"1614260"}},{"bidder":"sharethrough","params":{"s":[728,90],"pkey":"BnsgfKIWSCbAiOMSUk8VwICo"}},{"bidder":"smaato","params":{"adspaceId":"135836771","publisherId":"1100056173"},"g":"CA|AU|PH|AE"},{"bidder":"openx","params":{"s":[728,90],"unit":"540401029","delDomain":"gannett-d.openx.net","customParams":{"section":"news","topic":["Fact Check","NASA","To the Point","Modular Story","Overall Negative","Climate Change & Global Warming","Green Living & Environmental Issues"],"brandsafety":["disasters","custom-publix"]}},"g":"CA|UK"},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"s":[728,90],"adSlot":"USATODAY_Desktop_Display","publisherId":"165466"},"g":"CA|UK|NZ|AU"},{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"siteId":"29970","zoneId":120286,"accountId":"11324","bidonmultiformat":true,"inventory":{"domain":["usatoday.com"],"section":["news"],"subsection":[""],"topic":["Fact Check","NASA","To the Point","Modular Story","Overall Negative","Climate Change & Global Warming","Green Living & Environmental Issues"],"brandsafety":["disasters","custom-publix"]}}},{"bidder":"sovrn","params":{"s":[728,90],"tagid":"1287449"}},{"bidder":"taboola","params":{"s":[728,90],"publisherId":"1468240","tagId":"/7103/usatoday/leaderboard_btf/news","bidfloor":0.1}},{"bidder":"undertone","params":{"s":[728,90],"placementId":113017,"publisherId":113}}]},"cfg":{"nolazy":1,"ia":1,"rf":1,"rfInt":60000,"rfs":1,"nogam":1}}],f:[],eo:1762125600000<gnt.now&&1772954400000>gnt.now?5:4,brandSafety:["disasters","custom-publix"],pbjs:{vq:[],q:[],vs:{"appnexus":{"id":3353552,"mt":["banner"]},"criteo":{"id":3347031,"mt":["banner"]},"ix":{"id":3357003,"mt":["banner"]},"kargo":{"id":3352116,"mt":["banner"]},"yahoossp":{"id":3351817,"mt":["banner"]},"medianet":{"id":50349531,"mt":["banner"]},"minutemedia":{"id":56208609,"mt":["banner"]},"nativo":{"id":56086924,"mt":["banner"]},"sharethrough":{"id":51022626,"mt":["banner","video"]},"smaato":{"id":49885406,"mt":["banner"]},"openx":{"id":3355968,"mt":["banner"]},"pubmatic":{"id":2616245,"mt":["banner"]},"rubicon":{"id":3342134,"mt":["banner","video"]},"sovrn":{"id":57390033,"mt":["banner"]},"taboola":{"id":7599891,"mt":["banner"]},"teads":{"id":3425476,"mt":["banner","video"]},"undertone":{"id":46107981,"mt":["banner"]},"trustx":{"id":6745584,"mt":["banner"]}}},a9:{q:[]},ias:{
pubId:"922805"},bm:{},gpt:{},nh:80,xlbl:e?[e]:[],xd:0,hlsUrl:"",aic:"em_ue:M,em_ue:HML,em_ue:HM,a_1:L,a_1:HML,i_2:H,i_2:HML,i_2:HM,i_1:H,i_1:HML,i_1:HM,js_dir:M,js_dir:HML,js_dir:HM,i_3:L,i_3:HML,i_4:M,i_4:HML,i_4:HM,ho_r:M,ho_r:HML,ho_r:HM,a_5:M,a_5:HML,a_5:HM,ms_s:M,ms_s:HML,ms_s:HM,ed_hs:L,ed_hs:HML,i_5:M,i_5:HML,i_5:HM,js_ic:M,js_ic:HML,js_ic:HM,g_F:M,g_F:HML,g_F:HM,fs_n:M,fs_n:HML,fs_n:HM,a_6:M,a_6:HML,a_6:HM,ed_cg:L,ed_cg:HML,g_M:M,g_M:HML,g_M:HM,ms_m:M,ms_m:HML,ms_m:HM,ho_o:M,ho_o:HML,ho_o:HM,em_ue:L,em_m:M,em_m:HML,em_m:HM,i_4:L,js_ex:L,js_ex:HML,js_bo:L,js_bo:HML,ed_gs:L,ed_gs:HML,i_5:L,fs_n:L,a_6:L",bt:'https://btloader.com/tag?o=5067096939560960&domain=usatoday.com&upapi=true',
hhi:1,phi:1,uam:"prideproms.com",admf:"/v2scxPhRp4mQHfqfTo2MflbnNYJsoKW7ps8kA3ft2iIfl3QdMy-7sHTDzI5XxiuPgOg",adml:"/v2opwFtZ0ATVp5PBLuBOt6j-9kdteGMp6cbU22HdrMV9Jl8OTwb_TUaLnzXCBQivhqglhpQQQpzdWEUgoOg",
s2s:1,svc:0,aes:"76839168, 213736008, 4447213814, 217147128, 161883888, 134275728, 204667008, 4556325554, 128854248, 134181408, 4763756135, 36761088",
ais:"4452084168",notb:1,bvp:"ad-slot-7103-usatoday-banner_videoplayer-dk-news-3-ac1",}};(function(){function e(a,c){Z.cmd.push(()=>
{Z.secureSignalProviders.push({id:a,collectorFunction:()=>Ja.resolve(c)})})}function l(){;++h.xd;}function f(a){let c,b,d=new Ja((g,r)=>{c=g;a&&(b=r)});d.r=c;a&&(d.rj=b);return d}function m(a){a.p?.r?.();a.dp?.r?.();a.vdp?.r?.()}function p(a,c,b){const d=[];for(const g of a)(g.bidder===c||b&&-1===c.indexOf(g.bidder))&&d.push(g);return d}function k(a,c,b){if(c){const d=ea.create(a);a=
ea.create(a.params);a.tagId=b;d.params=a;c.push(d)}else a.params.tagId=b}function t(a,c,b){const {params:d}=a;d.m?.[b]?(b=ea.create(d.m[b]),d.s&&(b.s=d.s),c?(a=ea.create(a),a.params=b,c.push(a)):a.params=b):c&&c.push(a)}function B(a,c){K(a?"gnt pbVideoDataReady":"gnt pbDataReady");a?(M.vDataRet=c,M.vdp.r()):a||(M.dataRet=c,M.dp.r())}function D(a){K("gnt a9DataReady");Q.dataRet=a;Q.dp.r()}function X(a,c){const b=a.bidder,d=c.placement,g=Math.max(ya[b]?.[d]?.d||ya["*"]?.[d]?.d||0,ya[b]?.["*"]?.d||ya["*"]?.["*"]?.d||
0)/100;g&&(0>Ya.indexOf(b)&&(a.getFloor=()=>({currency:"USD",mediaType:"*",size:"*",floor:g})),a.ortb2Imp={bidfloor:g,bidfloorcur:"USD"},(c.fl=c.fl||{})[b]=g)}function Y(a,c){try{for(const b of c){const {b:d,e:g,d:r,c:v,v:x,t:w,o:n,r:G,n:u}=b;if(!(d>Za||g<=Za||r>$a||v<=$a)){if(G)a=p(a,x,!0);else if(w)a=w;else if(n)for(const z of n){const {v:C,p1:H,p2:R,p3:ja,p4:za}=z;H&&(R?ja?za?a[H][R][ja][za]=C:a[H][R][ja]=C:a[H][R]=C:a[H]=C)}h.vr=u}}}catch(b){y(b,"h4s8")}return a}function da(){K("gnt a9Ready");
Q.p.r();;V.apstag?.init&&apstag.fetchBids?(Q.d||(Q.timeout&&(Q.timedOut=ka(Q.timeout)),Q.ready=!0,apstag.init({pubID:"3062",bidTimeout:Ka||2000,deals:!0,adServer:"googletag",videoServer:"DFP",signals:{ortb2:{site:{"name":"USA TODAY","domain":"usatoday.com","cattax":7,"cat":["1020"],"sectioncat":["1020"],"pagecat":[],"privacypolicy":1,"page":"https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2024/10/29/study-485-million-years-warming-hoax-fact-check/75697535007/","mobile":1,"keywords":"fact-check,nasa,to-the-point,modular-story,overall-negative,climate-change-global-warming,green-living-environmental-issues","publisher":{"domain":"usatoday.com"},"ext":{"data":{"brandsafety":"disasters","section":"news","subsection":"","topic":[""]}}}}}}),h.initXCall&&La.length&&apstag.fetchBids({slots:La},D)),la?.()):l()}function sa(a){K("gnt iasDataReady");ka(E.dataTimeout);E.dataTimedOut=!1;E.dataRet=a;h.ixr?.zf&&(E.opd=a);E.vcb?.(a);E.dp.r()}function ta(){function a(b,d){b.timeout=Ma(()=>{b.timedOut=!0;m(b);y("timeout",d,0,0,5)},2E3)}function c(b,d){const g=b===fa;b.p=f(g);g?b.p.catch(r=>{q.cc(r,
"h4s58")}):Na?.(b);d&&Na?.(b,1)};ab||a(M,"h4s11");bb||a(Q,"h4s12");cb||a(E,"h4s13");;db&&a(W,"h4s47");;;if(!A["gnt-disable-gpt"]){ma++;c(fa);const {head:b}=P,d=b.appendChild;b.appendChild=function(...g){const r=g[0]?.src;if(r)if(-1<r.indexOf("pubads_impl.js")){const v=g[0];v.fetchPriority="high";q.preload(r,
Aa,0,"high");v.addEventListener("error",x=>{fa.fail=1;fa.p.rj(x);y((x.m="script load failure",x),"h4s26",r);;l()})}else if(-1<r.indexOf("shared-id/pubcid.js")||-1<r.indexOf("uid2SecureSignal.js")||-1<r.indexOf("tags.crwdcntrl.net/lt/c")&&-1<r.indexOf("/sync")||-1<r.indexOf("openxcdn.net/esp.js")||-1<r.indexOf("id5-sync.com")&&-1<r.indexOf("/esp.js")||-1<r.indexOf("33across.com/ob.js"))return;d.apply(b,g)};na("https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js",
()=>{;!Z||Z.apiReady?(l()):(K("gnt gptLoaded"),la?.());},g=>{y((g.m="script load failure",g),"h4s18","https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js");fa.fail=1;fa.p.rj();;l()})};ab||
(++ma,c(M,Ca.length),na('/tangstatic/js/pbjsandwichdirecta9-q1a2z3a44d3739.min.js',0,b=>{y((b.m="script load failure",b),"h4s19",'/tangstatic/js/pbjsandwichdirecta9-q1a2z3a44d3739.min.js');M.fail=1;m(M);
l();h.ecs?.()}));bb||(++ma,c(Q),na("https://client.aps.amazon-adsystem.com/publisher.js",da,b=>{y((b.m="script load failure",b),"h4s20","https://client.aps.amazon-adsystem.com/publisher.js");Q.fail=1;m(Q);l()}));cb||(++ma,c(E),na("https://static.adsafeprotected.com/iasPET.1.js",()=>{;V.__iasPET?.VERSION?la?.():l();},b=>{y((b.m="script load failure",b),"h4s21","https://static.adsafeprotected.com/iasPET.1.js");
E.fail=1;m(E);l()}));A["gnt-disable-confiant"]||(++ma,na("https://cdn.confiant-integrations.net/r5TdgVvkbv-PeaJCKaQfCh5Xsto/gpt_and_prebid/config.js",()=>{la?.()},b=>{y((b.m="script load failure",b),"h4s22","https://cdn.confiant-integrations.net/r5TdgVvkbv-PeaJCKaQfCh5Xsto/gpt_and_prebid/config.js");l()}));;db&&(c(W),na("https://cdn.brandmetrics.com/tag/f5e47f5ae82e4c48bbc1a7f9281ed95b/gannett_net.js",()=>{K("gnt bmReady");W.timeout&&(W.timedOut=ka(W.timeout));
W.ready=!0;W.p.r()},b=>{y((b.m="script load failure",b),"h4s27","https://cdn.brandmetrics.com/tag/f5e47f5ae82e4c48bbc1a7f9281ed95b/gannett_net.js");W.fail=1;m(W)}));;h.xreqp=f()}const q=g$,{hp:A,qsp:O,ut:K,cc:y,ic:J,d:P,l:L,jp:pa,js:qa,ls:S,ec:ua,ic:Oa,st:Ma,w:V,gpp:eb,gpppd:Da}=q,I=gnt,h=I.x,{acctId:va,acctName:Pa,srvX:sb,videoAds:fb,pbjs:M,a9:Q,ias:E,bm:W,gpt:fa,s2s:tb}=h,{u:N,now:ha,bt:gb}=I,T=N.co,aa=I.storage,Ea=N.xlng?.["3PID"],Qa=A["gnt-dfp-acctid"]||O.usatai,ba=h.oaid=
("7070"===Qa||"7103"===Qa)&&Qa,wa=A["gnt-dfp-market"]||O.usatan,ka=clearTimeout,hb=L.hostname,ea=Object,Ja=Promise,Z={cmd:[function(){K("gnt gptReady");const a=Z.pubads(),c={childDirectedTreatment:!1};T&&(c.restrictDataProcessing=!0);a.disableInitialLoad();a.enableSingleRequest();a.setPrivacySettings(c);a.setSafeFrameConfig({sandbox:!0,allowOverlayExpansion:!1,allowPushExpansion:!1});;Z.enableServices();
fa.ready=!0;fa.p.r()}]};let Ka=0,Fa=0,ma=1,ub=0,la,Na,ra=Oa.gnt_he,Ga,Aa;h.vr="ad-control";h.gse=function(a){return a.slotEl||(a.slotEl=P.querySelector("#"+a.slotId+",#\\~"+a.slotId))};ea.defineProperty(V,"googletag",{enumerable:!0,get:function(){return Z},set:function(){}});if(!N.z&&!q.hp["gnt-disable-x"]){let a,c;const {b,ua:d}=q;if(b.c)a=d.indexOf("Chrome/"),-1<a&&108>parseInt(d.substr(a+7))&&(c=1);else if(b.f)a=d.indexOf("Firefox/"),-1<a&&115>parseInt(d.substr(a+8))&&(c=1);else if(b.in)a=d.indexOf("OS "),
-1<a&&15.6>parseFloat(d.substr(a+3).replace(/_/g,"."))&&(c=1);else if(b.i||0>d.indexOf("Chrome")&&-1<d.indexOf("Safari"))a=d.indexOf("Version/"),-1<a&&15.6>parseFloat(d.substr(a+8))&&(c=1);q.xfs=c?"0":"1"}navigator.cookieDeprecationLabel?.getValue().then(a=>{h.cdl=a});!ra||!T&&64===ra.length&&/^[a-fA-F0-9]+$/.test(ra)||(ra=0,q.run.push(()=>{q.crmb("gnt_he",0,1)}));;const $a=ha/1E5,Za=(A["gnt-x-vb"]||ha)%1E3;;Ka=Y(0,[{"n":"to_1000","b":0,"e":10,"t":1000},{"n":"to_1200","b":10,"e":20,"t":1200},{"n":"to_1400","b":20,"e":30,"t":1400},{"n":"to_1600","b":30,"e":40,"t":1600},{"n":"to_1800","b":40,"e":50,"t":1800},{"n":"to_2000","b":50,"e":60,"t":2000},{"n":"to_control","b":60,"e":70}]);;h.up=(O.itm_source||O.utm_source||"")+"|"+(O.itm_medium||O.utm_medium||"")+"|"+(O.itm_campaign||O.utm_campaign||"");;const ya={"*":{"*":{"d":0},"leaderboard_btf":{"d":5},"mobileweb-leaderboard_front_bottom":{"d":5},"mobileweb-leaderboard_bottom":{"d":5}},"taboola":{"*":{"d":1}}};;const Ya=['appnexus','appnexusAst','colossusssp','ix','kargo','medianet','minutemedia', 'nativo', 'openx','pubmatic','rubicon', 'sharethrough', 'smaato','sovrn','triplelift','trustx','undertone','yahoossp'];;let ca;T||(ca=[]);;
let F,U,xa,ib,jb;T||(xa=h.idh=function(){if(U)return U;if(!F&&!jb){jb=!0;if(aa)try{F=pa(S.getItem("gnt_xlr"))}catch(a){y(a,"h4s1")}F?(U=F.h,!F.n&&Ea&&U!==Ea&&(U=ib=Ea)):U=Ea||ra;Ga=ra===U?2:Aa}return U});;if(!T&&aa&&!gb&&N.ci&&(h.hiy=4<Math.trunc(A["gnt-t-lip"]||ha-1E12*q.mr)%100)){let a,c,b;const d="https://rp.liadm.com/p?aid=a-01aa&pu="+ua(L.href)+"&ext_gannett="+N.ci+"&n3pc=true",g=h.hif=function(v){const x=v||xa();fetch("https://idx.liadm.com/idex/gannett/2168?ext_gannett="+
N.ci+"&resolve=uid2&resolve=bidswitch&resolve=medianet&resolve=magnite&resolve=pubmatic&resolve=index&resolve=openx&resolve=thetradedesk&resolve=sovrn&resolve=vidazoo&resolve=sharethrough&resolve=triplelift&resolve=zetassp&resolve=nexxen&n3pc=true"+(x?"&sh2="+x:""),{cache:"no-store"}).then(w=>{if(w.ok){if(204!==w.status)return w.json()}else throw Error("hiro ID api call status: "+w.status);}).then(w=>{if(w){const n=[],G={provider:"liveintent.com"};function u(z,C,H,R,ja){w.hasOwnProperty(z)&&"string"===
typeof w[z]&&n.push({source:C,uids:[{id:w[z],atype:H||3,ext:R?{rtiPartner:R,provider:ja}:G}]})}u("thetradedesk","adserver.org",1,"TDID",hb);u("uid2","uidapi.com");u("bidswitch","bidswitch.net");u("medianet","media.net");u("magnite","rubiconproject.com");u("index","liveintent.indexexchange.com");u("nexxen","liveintent.unrulymedia.com");u("openx","openx.net");u("pubmatic","pubmatic.com");u("sovrn","liveintent.sovrn.com");u("sharethrough","sharethrough.com");u("triplelift","liveintent.triplelift.com");
u("vidazoo","liveintent.vidazoo.com");u("zetassp","zeta-ssp.liveintent.com");r(n);U=x;try{S.setItem("gnt_li",qa({d:ha+864E5,i:n,h:x?1:Aa})),x&&!F&&S.setItem("gnt_xlr",qa(F={h:x,n:h.hnls||Ga}))}catch(z){y(z,"h4s54")}}}).catch(w=>{y(w,"h4s55")})};function r(v){b&&ca.splice(c,b);c=ca.length;b=v.length;for(const x of v)ca.push(x),e(x.source,x.uids[0].id);h.hiu=1;h.hiut?.()}(new Image).src="https://i.liadm.com/s/2168?bidder_id=246515&bidder_uuid="+N.ci;fetch(d,{cache:"no-store"}).then(v=>
{if(!v.ok)throw Error("HIRO ID connection error, status: "+v.status);}).catch(v=>{q.cc(v,"h4s52",d)});try{a=pa(S.getItem("gnt_li"))}catch(v){q.cc(v,"h4s53")}a?.d>ha?(r(a.i),!a.h&&xa()&&g(U)):g()};let kb,oa,Ha,Ra,Sa,Ia,Ta;if(I.lr&&!T){function a(c,b){c=c?.substring(c.indexOf(b+'","v')+12);return c?.substring(0,c.indexOf('"'))}Ta=function(c){h.uut?.("lrm");Ha=a(c,"p");Sa?Sa.id=Ha:ca.push({source:"liveramp.com",uids:[Sa={id:Ha,atype:3}]});e("liveramp.com",
Ha);if(c=a(c,"s"))try{c=pa(atob(c));const b=[];for(const d of c)b.push({id:d,atype:571187}),e("google.com",d);Ia?(Ia.length=0,Ia.push(...b)):ca.push({source:"google.com",uids:Ia=b})}catch(b){q.cc(b,"h4s44")}};Ra=function(){if(oa)return oa;if(!kb){kb=1;const c=xa(),b=2===F?.v,d=!b||F?.d&&!(0<F.d-ha);(F?c&&(ib||F.e&&d||!F.e&&(F.t?d:1)||!F.d):c)&&h.lrf(c);h.lri=c;if(b&&(oa=h.lrEnv=F?.e))return Ta(oa),oa}};h.lrf=function(c){if(!T){let b;fetch("https://api.rlcdn.com/api/identity/v2/envelope?pid=1319&it=4&iv="+
c+(Da?"&gpp="+I.gpps+"&gpp_sid="+I.gppas:""),{cache:"no-store"}).then(d=>{b=d.status;if(d.ok)return d.text();throw Error("LiveRamp api call status: "+b);}).then(d=>{(oa=h.lrEnv=d)&&Ta(d);let g={d:ha+864E5,h:c,e:d,n:F?.n||h.hnls||Ga,v:2};204!==b||d||(g.t=1);try{F=g;U=c;if(d){const r=a(d,"t"),v=aa&&a(d,"s");if(r){const x=atob(r),w=pa(x);h.ats=w;Z.cmd.push(()=>{Z.pubads().setTargeting("atsd",w)});aa&&S.setItem("_lr_atsDirect",btoa('{"envelope":'+x+"}"))}v&&S.setItem("_lr_pairId",btoa('{"envelope":'+
atob(v)+"}"))}aa&&(S.setItem("gnt_xlr",qa(g)),d&&S.setItem("_lr_env",a(d,"p")))}catch(r){y(r,"h4s2",oa)}}).catch(d=>{y(d,"h4s3")})}};h.rats=function(){if(aa)try{const c=S.getItem("_lr_atsDirect");if(c)return pa(atob(c)).envelope}catch(c){y(c,"h4s51")}};V.ats&&(ats.retrieveEnvelope=function(c){const b=Ra();try{c&&c(b),q.ca?.({m:"ats.re",stack:Error().stack},"h4s46",0,0,7)}catch(d){y(d,"h4s4")}return Ja.resolve(b)});Ra()};!T&&q.nce&&(h.apat=function(a){a&&!Oa["AMZN-Token"]&&
fetch("https://tk.amazon-adsystem.com/envelope",{method:"POST",body:qa({publisherId:"3062",hashedRecords:[{type:"email",record:a}]}),headers:{"Content-Type":"application/json"},cache:"no-store"}).then(c=>{if(c.ok)return c.text()}).then(c=>{try{const b=pa(c),{AIPToken:d}=b;d&&(q.cs({name:"AMZN-Token",value:d,ma:Math.round((b.cookieExpiry-ha)/1E3),path:"/"}),U=a,!F&&aa&&S.setItem("gnt_xlr",qa(F={h:a,n:h.hnls||Ga})))}catch(b){y(b,"h4s14",c)}}).catch(c=>{y(c,"h4s15")})})(xa());;
if(!T&&aa){let a;function c(d){ca.push({source:"criteo.com",uids:[{id:d,atype:1}]});e("criteo.com",d)}function b(){const d=L.hostname;fetch("https://gum.criteo.com/sid/json?origin=prebid&pbt=1&lsw=1&topUrl="+ua(L.href)+(d?"&domain="+ua(d):"")+(Da?"&gpp="+I.gpps+"&gpp_sid="+I.gppas:""),{cache:"no-store"}).then(g=>{if(g.ok)return g.json();throw Error("Criteo api call status: "+g.status);}).then(g=>{if(a=g.bidId){try{S.setItem("cto_bidid",a)}catch(r){y(r,"h4s49")}c(a)}}).catch(g=>{y(g,"h4s48")})}(a=
S.getItem("cto_bidid"))?c(a):b()};;if(eb&&!A["gnt-d-gpp"]){let a=0;if(!frames.__gppLocator){const c=P.createElement("iframe");c.style.display="none";c.title="GPP Locator";c.name="__gppLocator";P.body.appendChild(c)}addEventListener("message",function(c){const b=c?.data?.__gppCall;if(b){const d=c.source,{command:g,parameter:r,version:v}=b;eb(b.command,(x,w)=>{if(!d){q.cc("no source",
"h4s33",c.origin,{b:qa(c.data)});const n=q.d.querySelector("script[type=webbundle]");n&&q.cc("wb","h4s34",n.textContent||"n/a")}!T&&q.cd&&100>a++&&q.cd({m:"gc",stack:Error().stack},"h4s35",v,{b:g,c:r,d:w},7);d.postMessage({__gppReturn:{returnValue:x,success:w,callId:b.callId}},"*")},r,v)}},!1)};A["gnt-d-adm"]||(h.abnf=[],la=h.dnsf=function(){++ub===ma&&Ua(h.abnf)});;V.__iasPET={queue:[()=>{K("gnt iasReady");
E.d||(E.timeout&&(E.timedOut=ka(E.timeout)),E.ready=!0,E.p.r(),E.dataTimeout=Ma(()=>{E.dataTimedOut=!0;E.dp.r();y("timeout","h4s10",0,0,5)},1600),__iasPET.pubId="922805",__iasPET.queue.push({adSlots:lb,dataHandler:sa}),ma++,na("https://static.adsafeprotected.com/iasADX.js",function(){V.__iasADX&&__iasADX.start(922805);la?.()},a=>{y((a.m="script load failure",a),"h4s16","https://static.adsafeprotected.com/iasADX.js");l()}))}]};V.confiant={enable_integrations:["gpt"],callback:(...a)=>
{h.ccb.apply(h,a)}};;Na=function(a,c){a[c?"vdp":"dp"]=f()};;h.bmc=function(a){K("gnt bmDataReady");W.dataRet=a;W.dp.r()};;h.xFetch=function(a,c){;return fetch(a,c).then(g=>{if(g.ok)return g.text();throw Error("xFetch returned status: ",g.status);})};const Ua=h.pq=function(a){for(const c of a)if(c)try{c()}catch(b){y(b,
"h4s6")}a.push=c=>{if(c)try{c()}catch(b){y(b,"h4s7")}}};;;
  ;
if(!gnt.bt){let Y=0,Z,aa,Q;const k=g$,F=gnt.x,R=k.l,ba=R.hostname,G=k.ec,S=Image,T=fetch,xa=k.as,B=k.jp,z=k.cc,C=F.egFb=function(c,b){;if(b){const {style:f}=b.af.parentElement;f.position=f.top="unset";F.sm(b,"plrFail")}},ca=function(c,b,f,n,d){return(d||decodeURIComponent(c.getAttribute("data-x-bc"))).replace("{is}",b).replace("{ti}",f).replace("{lb}",n)},da=
k.hp["gnt-x-plr"],ea={cache:"no-store",keepalive:!0},r=[],fa=function(){Z||(Z=!0,r.push=c=>{"string"===typeof c?T(c,ea):c()})},t=!!da;F.cPlrSetup=function(c,b,f,n){f?fa():k.run.push(()=>{k.el[b["gmod-load-method"]="plrView"]=function(){fa();for(const g of r)r.push(g)};b["g-wv-dt"]={offset:0};k.el.lz?.(b)});let d,H,D;try{var p=c.indexOf("version")+12;const g=c.indexOf("IONS--\x3e")+7;D=c.substring(g,c.indexOf("\x3c!--",g));d=B(c.substring(p,c.indexOf("\x3c/script>",p)));H=f||B(c.substring(c.indexOf('oat">')+
5,c.indexOf("\x3c/script>")))}catch(g){return z(g,"h6t1",c),C(b,n)}d?(f=d.source,p=d.pf=!t&&f&&"promofeed"===f.type,p=t?da:p?f.id:d.creative&&d.creative.instance,d.to=setTimeout(()=>{d.fbto=!0;C(b,n)},p?3E4:4E4),p?ha(p,d,H,D,b,n,c):F.xFetch("https://bw-prod.plrsrvcs.com/req",{method:"POST",mode:"cors",cache:"no-store",credentials:"omit",headers:{"Content-Type":"application/json","x-openrtb-version":"2.3"},body:k.js({id:(Math.random()+"").substring(2,11),at:501,test:0,imp:[{id:1,banner:{h:1,w:1,pos:0},
pmp:{deals:[{id:f&&f.id}]}}],tagid:f&&f.placement,secure:1,site:{id:"UNKNOWN",domain:ba,page:R.href,ref:k.d.referrer},device:{ua:k.ua},user:{buyeruid:"",data:[{id:"polar-custom",segment:[{id:"creative-count",value:"1"},{id:"order-id",value:""},{id:"serve-mode",value:"normal"}]}]}})}).then(g=>{g=(d.adm=B(g).seatbid[0].bid[0].adm).indexOf("version")+12;(g=(d.innerBwData=B(d.adm.substring(g,d.adm.indexOf("\x3c/script>",g)))).creative.instance)?ha(g,d,H,D,b,n,c):C(b,n)}).catch(g=>{z(g,"h6t2",c);C(b,n)})):
C(b,n)};const ha=function(c,b,f,n,d,H,D){function p(){if(K)return K;const {adm:a,innerBwData:e}=b;if(a)try{const h=a.indexOf("om-dat")+9,m=B(a.substring(h,a.indexOf("\x3c/script>",h))),l=m&&m.creatives[0],q=e&&e.meta&&e.meta.server&&e.meta.server.auctionID,I=m&&"string"===typeof l.bwLineItemAltID&&l.bwLineItemAltID.split("/");K=m&&"&paenli="+(I[2]||"")+"&paenlip="+(I[3]||"")+"&paena="+(q||"")+"&paeno="+l.orderID+"&paenop="+l.orderParamID+"&paenb=u&paes="+l.strategyID}catch(h){z(h,"h6t3",a)}return K||
""}function g(a,e,h){z(a,e||"h6t4",D,{b:ia},h);!t&&r.push(L+U+"&par="+(400>ja?"f":"e")+"&t=f&pax=u"+M);C(d,H)}const {pf:E}=b,ya="https://polarcdn-terrax.com/nativeads/v1.4.0/json/creative/"+(E?"promofeed/":"")+c+(E?"?fragment="+(Math.floor(10*Math.random())+1):""),ka=G("Key-tangent-tile AdUnit-/7103/usatoday/native-front_tile/* [Tangent Desktop Tile]");var u=b.meta&&b.meta.server,v=b.source;const A=!t&&v&&"polarpmp"===v.type,L="https://polarcdn-pentos.com/wt?d="+ba+"&n=-1&p=NA-USAT-11238597&w=tangent-0.5112.0&cu=cf23a6d82ed6e0a51dfc361ac8bfa919&l="+
ka+(u?"&padau="+(u.adUnitID||"")+"&padav="+(u.advertiserID||"")+"&pado="+(u.orderID+"&padli=")+(u.lineItemID||"")+"&padc="+(u.creativeID||"")+"&padpm="+t:"")+"&pas=",M="&pvhref="+G(R.href),la=G(d.getAttribute("data-x-u")),U=A?"polarpmp":E?"asa-web":"dfp";u=v&&v.id;const ma=v&&v.placement,na=A&&u?"&pag1="+u:"";v="&t=arx"+M;let oa,ia,ja,K,za=1;t||(A&&z("PMP tag","h6t5",D,0,7),r.push(()=>{(new S).src=f.view;for(const a of b.track.impression)(new S).src=a}),r.push(L+"dfp"+(A?"&pag1=default":"&c="+c)+
"&pag2="+la+v));t||(A&&r.push(L+U+na+"&pag2="+(ma||"")+p()+v),r.push(()=>{var a=k.d.createElement("div");const e=a.children;a.innerHTML=n;for(a=0;a<e.length;a++)if("SCRIPT"===e[a].nodeName){const h=e[a].src;h?xa(h,0,m=>{z((m.m="script load failure",m),"h6t6",h)}):z("no src","h6t7",e[a],{b:n},5)}}));T(ya,{cache:"no-store",credentials:"omit"}).then(a=>{ja=a.status;oa=a.headers.get("X-Country");if(a.ok)return a.text()}).then(a=>{ia=a;if(!b.fbto){var e=B(a),h=E?e?.creatives[0]:e;if(h){var m=(a=h.experiment)&&
a.variants;const I=a&&a.models;var l=m?Object.values(m)[0]:E?h.creatives[0]:h;h=l.creative;m=h.instance;var q=l.experience;const pa=(e=e.snapshot)&&e.ordering,V=l.thumb.instances[0].href,W=q.title?.normalize("NFD"),qa=q.description||"",ra=l.custom_fields,sa=ra.label_language;l="None"===sa?"":(sa+" "+l.sponsor.name).normalize("NFD");q=new URL(q.destUrl);const ta=!t&&L+U+na+"&pag2="+(A?ma:la)+(E&&e?"&pepf="+(e.collection||"")+"&pepfs="+(e.id||"")+"&pepfo="+("curated"===pa?"c":"even-distribution"===
pa?"r":""):"")+"&pecy="+(oa||"")+"&c="+m+"&pacexp="+(a&&a.guid||"")+"&pacexm="+(I&&Object.keys(I)[0]||"")+(A?p():"")+"&par=s&t=";;q.search+=(q.search?"&":"")+"mvt=i&mvn="+m+"&mvp=NA-USAT-11238597&mvl="+ka+"&utm_campaign="+h.id+"&utm_source=polar&utm_medium=cpc";;aa||(aa=!0,Q=class extends HTMLElement{constructor(J,N,ua,va,X,Aa){super();const wa=this.attachShadow({mode:"open"});
var w=k.d;const y=w.createElement("a"),x=w.createElement("img"),O=w.createElement("div"),P=w.createElement("div");w=w.createElement("div");y.className="gnt_x_al_pl";y.href=J;y.rel="nofollow noopener";y.target="_blank";y.setAttribute("aria-label",va+"-"+ua);y.setAttribute("data-g-r","base_nft"+ ++Y);x.decoding="async";x.loading="lazy";x.alt=!0;x.crossorigin=!0;x.src=N+"&h=190&w=253&autocrop=1";x.className="gnt_x_al_pl_i";x.width=253;x.height=190;O.setAttribute("data-c-plrl",ua);O.className="gnt_x_al_pl_c_top";
O.setAttribute("data-c-plrt",va);P.setAttribute("data-c-plrcta",Aa);P.className="gnt_x_al_pl_c_btm"+(X?" gnt_x_al_pl_c_btm__hd":"");w.append(O,P);w.className="gnt_x_al_pl_c";X&&P.setAttribute("data-c-plrd",X);y.append(x,w);k.el.appendCss(".gnt_x_al_pl{contain:strict;box-sizing:border-box;display:flex;align-items:center;width:660px;height:190px;color:#303030;background:#fff;text-decoration:none;-webkit-user-select:none;user-select:none;position:relative}:focus{outline-color:#0098fe}.gnt_x_al_pl_c{margin:0 0 0 20px}.gnt_x_al_pl_c_top::after{content:attr(data-c-plrt);display:-webkit-box;margin:0 0 8px;font:700 20px/24px 'Unify Sans','Helvetica Neue','Arial Nova',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;overflow:hidden;overflow:clip;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;-webkit-line-clamp:2}.gnt_x_al_pl_c_top::before{content:attr(data-c-plrl);display:block;text-transform:uppercase;margin:0 0 6px;color:#626262;font:700 10px/14px 'Unify Sans','Helvetica Neue','Arial Nova',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;letter-spacing:1px}.gnt_x_al_pl_c_btm__hd::before{content:attr(data-c-plrd);overflow:hidden;overflow:clip;display:-webkit-box;font:14px/18px 'Georgia Pro',Georgia,'Droid Serif',serif;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;-webkit-line-clamp:2}.gnt_x_al_pl_c_btm::after{content:attr(data-c-plrcta);display:inline-block;margin:14px 0 0;padding:7px 15px;background-color:#1665cf;color:#fff;font:700 12px/14px 'Unify Sans','Helvetica Neue','Arial Nova',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif}.gnt_x_al_pl_i{width:253px;height:190px}",wa);wa.append(y)}},customElements.define("gnt-plr",Q));d.append(new Q(f.click+
G(q.href),"https://polarcdn-terrax.com"+V,l,W,qa,ra.usat_more_button_label?.normalize("NFD")||"Learn More"));;clearTimeout(b.to);t||(k.run.push(()=>{k.mods.base.handlers.click["nft"+(Y||"")]=F.bctc=function(){for(let J=1,N=b.track.click;J<N.length;J++)(new S).src=N[J];T(ta+"c&mecc="+za++ +"&peor=gannett"+M,ea)}}),r.push(ta+"i"+M))}else g("no creative","h6t8",7)}}).catch(g)}};

gnt.x.sxu=function(f){const {abv:b,data:c}=gnt,a=g$,{gnt_sb:d,gnt_ub:e}=a.ic;return f+a.ec("&aam_props="+c.adAamProps+"&build="+c.adBuild+"&fs="+a.xfs+(d?"&gnt_sb="+d:"")+(e?"&gnt_ub="+e:"")+(b?"&variant="+b:""))+"&pageId="+gnt.pid+(gnt.u.co?"&rdp=1":"")+"&tfcd=0&c="+Math.floor(1E15*Math.random())};
;;if(I.fle&&!N.z&&!A["gnt-d-flp"]){let a;q.el.flp=function(){if(!a){a=1;const {preload:c,pre:b}=q;V.flippxp={run:[function(){flippxp.registerSlot(".gnt_flp","Gannett",1191260,[260005],{userKey:N.ci})}]};c('/xrpvr/shopper.flipp.com/tag/js/flipptag.js');
q.as('/xrpvr/shopper.flipp.com/tag/js/flipptag.js',null,d=>{y((d.m="script load failure",d),"h4s17",'/xrpvr/shopper.flipp.com/tag/js/flipptag.js')});
b(["https://gateflipp.flippback.com"],1,!0);b(["//shopper.flipp.com","//cdn-gateflipp.flippback.com","//f.wishabi.net","//images.wishabi.net"],"d");fetch(`https://traxex.gannettdigital.com/event?id=${I.pid}&type=flipp-impression&gup_id=${N.ai}&url=${q.ec(I.data.pageFullUrl)}&sc=USAT&site=usatoday.com`,{mode:"no-cors",cache:"no-store",keepalive:!0})}}};if(!A["gnt-disable-x"]&&!N.z){var mb=h.slots={},vb=h.initSlots=[],na=q.as,nb=A["gnt-d-xsize"]?.split?.("|");;var db=aa&&q.nce&&!A["gnt-d-bm"];;var ob=[],pb=[],Ca=[],La=[],lb=[],ab=A["gnt-disable-pbjs"]||I.gppf,bb=A["gnt-disable-a9"],cb=A["gnt-disable-ias"],Va=A["gnt-only-pb"],Wa=A["gnt-disable-pb"]?.split?.(","),wb=h.fpb=function(a,c){const b=[];for(const d of a)if(a=d.params.s){let g;for(const r of c)if(a[0]===r[0]&&a[1]===r[1]){g=1;break}g&&b.push(d)}else b.push(d);return b};;if(ba){for(const a of P.querySelectorAll('[id*="ad-slot-"]'))a.id=
a.id.replace(va,ba);;h.bvp&&(h.bvp=h.bvp.replace(va,ba));}var yb=h.setupSrvX=function(a){if(nb&&!a.cfg.isVid){var c,b;let C,H;for(c of nb){[g,u]=c.split(":");var d=(u||g).split(",");if(g===a.placement||!u)for(b of d){[C,H]=b.split("x");var g=R=>!(H?R[0]==C&&R[1]==H:R===C);a.sizes=a.sizes.filter(g);a.ms&&(a.ms=a.ms.filter(g))}}};const {cfg:r,placement:v,sizes:x,pbSlot:w,id:n}=a;({isVid:c}=r);g=!r?.nobid;a.isPS="poster_scroll"===v||"poster_scroll_front"===v;;if("adhesion"===v&&N.hma)return h.adhw=0;;c&&!fb[v]&&(fb[v]=a);;g&&(Va||Wa)&&(b=w.bids,w.bids=Va&&p(b,Va)||Wa&&p(b,Wa,!0));;const G=I.gc;g&&G&&"US"!==G&&(w.bids=w.bids.filter(C=>!C.g||C.g.includes(G)));;c||(ba&&(a.unit=a.unit.replace(va,ba)),wa&&(a.unit=a.unit.replace(Pa,wa)));;g&&(w.bids=
Y(w.bids,[{"n":"disableappnexus","b":100,"e":101,"v":["appnexus","appnexusAst"],"r":true},{"n":"disablecriteo","b":101,"e":102,"v":["criteo"],"r":true},{"n":"disableix","b":102,"e":103,"v":["ix"],"r":true},{"n":"disablemedianet","b":103,"e":104,"v":["medianet"],"r":true},{"n":"disableminutemedia","b":104,"e":105,"v":["minutemedia"],"r":true},{"n":"disablenativo","b":105,"e":106,"v":["nativo"],"r":true},{"n":"disableopenx","b":106,"e":107,"v":["openx"],"r":true},{"n":"disablepubmatic","b":107,"e":108,"v":["pubmatic"],"r":true},{"n":"disablepulsepoint","b":108,"e":109,"v":["pulsepoint"],"r":true},{"n":"disablerubicon","b":109,"e":110,"v":["rubicon"],"r":true},{"n":"disablesharethrough","b":110,"e":111,"v":["sharethrough"],"r":true},{"n":"disablesmaato","b":111,"e":112,"v":["smaato"],"r":true},{"n":"disablesonobi","b":112,"e":113,"v":["sonobi"],"r":true},{"n":"disabletaboola","b":113,"e":114,"v":["taboola"],"r":true},{"n":"disableteads","b":114,"e":115,"v":["teads"],"r":true},{"n":"disabletriplelift","b":115,"e":116,"v":["triplelift"],"r":true},{"n":"disabletrustx","b":116,"e":117,"v":["trustx"],"r":true},{"n":"disableundertone","b":117,"e":118,"v":["undertone"],"r":true},{"n":"disableyahoossp","b":118,"e":119,"v":["yahoossp"],"r":true},{"n":"disableyieldmo","b":119,"e":120,"v":["yieldmo"],"r":true},{"n":"disablecontrol","b":120,"e":121}]));;b=0;for(const C of a.nums){var u=C[0]||C;for(d=C[1]||C;u<=d;){b++;c&&(Fa===h.svc&&Fa++,Fa++);g=n&&n+Fa||"ad-slot-"+(ba||va)+"-"+Pa+"-"+v+"-news-"+(a.cfg.gal?1:u)+"-ac"+b;;"high_impact"===v&&(h.hi=g);;let H=1===b;var z=void 0;;"adhesion"===v&&(a.dah=1,h.adh=g,z=a.sizes=a.csz=(h.dahs=function(){let R,ja,za;return function(){var Xa=q.de.clientWidth;return Xa=1138<=Xa&&(R||=[[728,90]])||730<Xa&&(ja||=[[320,50]])||(za||=[])}}())(),z=!I.puo&&z.length&&!P.hidden);;
'banner_videoplayer'===v&&(a.bvp=1);;a.nal="native-article_link"===v;;c&&r.ap||z||r.ia||H&&r.if?vb.push(mb[g]=xb(g,a,b,1)):mb[g]=a;u++}}},xb=h.bso=function(a,c,b,d){const {cfg:g,placement:r}=c,{isVid:v,ap:x}=g;var w=!g?.nobid;const n=ea.create(c);n.slotId=a;n.act=d;!(n.init=d)||!g.nolazy||g.gal||n.isHio||g.rfs||h.phi&&("high_impact"===r||"poster"===r||"poster_front"===
r)||(n.it=1);g.gal&&h.gx.push(n);;let G=n.dah;;if(w){w=n?n.unit+"/"+b:a;const z=ea.create(c.pbSlot);z.code=a;var u=ea.assign({},
c.a9Slot);v||(u.slotID=a);u.slotName=w;n.a9Slot=u;d&&La.push(u);;u=1<c.cnt&&[];;a:for(const C of z.bids){;X(C,n);;if("taboola"===C.bidder){k(C,u,w);continue a};u&&u.push(C); };
u&&(z.bids=u); ;z.ortb2Imp={ext:{data:{adserver:{adslot:w,name:"gam"},pbadslot:w},gpid:w}};;G&&(n.a9Slot.sizes=n.sizes,z.bids?.length&&(n.dah&&(n.obid=z.bids),z.mediaTypes={banner:{sizes:n.sizes,pos:z.mediaTypes.banner.pos}},z.bids=wb(z.bids,n.sizes)));;z.bids?.length&&(n.pbSlot=z,d&&((x&&tb?Ca:pb).push(a),
n.pbs=1,zb(z,v,ob)));if(v)return n}n.iasSlot={adSlotId:a,size:c.sizes[0],adUnitPath:n.unit};lb.push(n.iasSlot);n.lastBidTarg=[];;"high_impact"===r&&(n.isHi=1);;
if(n.nal&&gb)for({sizes:a}=c,d=a.length;d--;)if(3===a[d][0]&&3===a[d][1]){a.splice(d,1);break};n.adCount=b;(h.sa||(h.sa=[])).push(n);return n},zb=h.spb=function(a,c,b){;if(c)b.push(a);else{const {code:d,ortb2Imp:g,bids:r,mediaTypes:v}=a;for(const x in v)v.hasOwnProperty(x)&&b.push({code:d,ortb2Imp:g,bids:r.filter(w=>M.vs[w.bidder].mt.includes(x)),
mediaTypes:{[x]:v[x]}})};return b};;;for(const a of sb)yb(a);;h.pst=4;h.hpsp=f(1);h.hpsp.then(a=>{for(const c of a)ka(c.simpleRefTO),c.slotEl.innerHTML=""},()=>{h.hpsp=Aa});;
var qb=screen,rb=q.nv,ia=h.ortb={device:{w:qb.width,h:qb.height,dnt:"1"===rb.doNotTrack?1:0,ua:q.ua,language:(rb.language??"").split("-")[0],ext:{vpw:q.cwiw||q.de.clientWidth,vph:q.cwih||q.de.clientHeight}},site:{"name":"USA TODAY","domain":"usatoday.com","cattax":7,"cat":["1020"],"sectioncat":["1020"],"pagecat":[],"privacypolicy":1,"page":"https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2024/10/29/study-485-million-years-warming-hoax-fact-check/75697535007/","mobile":1,"keywords":"fact-check,nasa,to-the-point,modular-story,overall-negative,climate-change-global-warming,green-living-environmental-issues","publisher":{"domain":"usatoday.com"},"ext":{"data":{"brandsafety":["disasters","custom-publix"],"section":["news"],"subsection":[""],"topic":[""]}}}};;T||(ia.user={ext:{eids:ca}});;1===(h.sda=A["gnt-x-sda"]||
"US"===I.gc&&!A["gnt-d-sda"]?1:2)&&(ia.site.content={data:[{name:"gannett.com",ext:{segtax:4},segment:[{"id":"464"},{"id":"1861"}]}]});;V.pbjs={que:[function(){K("gnt pbReady");la?.();if(!M.d){ia.regs={};const c=pbjs;var a={auctionOptions:{legacyRender:!0},bidderTimeout:Ka||2000,rubicon:{singleRequest:!0},enableTIDs:!0,cache:{url:"https://prebid.adnxs.com/pbc/v1/cache"},enableSendAllBids:!0,eventHistoryTTL:0,
mediaTypePriceGranularity:{"banner":{"buckets":[{"precision":2,"min":0.1,"max":10,"increment":0.01},{"precision":2,"min":10,"max":20,"increment":0.05},{"precision":2,"min":20,"max":50,"increment":0.1},{"precision":2,"min":50,"max":75,"increment":0.25},{"precision":2,"min":75,"max":100,"increment":0.5},{"precision":2,"min":100,"max":200,"increment":1},{"precision":2,"min":200,"max":480,"increment":5}]},"video":{"buckets":[{"precision":2,"min":0,"max":20,"increment":0.1},{"precision":2,"min":20,"max":25,"increment":0.25},{"precision":2,"min":25,"max":30,"increment":0.5},{"precision":2,"min":30,"max":50,"increment":1}]}},maxRequestsPerOrigin:99,timeoutBuffer:400,userSync:{syncEnabled:!0,filterSettings:{iframe:{bidders:['ix','criteo','undertone'],filter:"include"}},syncsPerBidder:5},ortb2:ia};;a.s2sConfig={accountId:"gannett",bidders:Ya,extPrebid:{floors:{floorMin:0.02,floorMinCur:"USD"}},enabled:!0,syncEndpoint:"/pbd/cookie_sync",endpoint:"/pbd/openrtb2/auction",
timeout:1400};;N.ai&&!T&&(ca.push({source:"pubcid.org",uids:[{id:N.ai,atype:1}]}),e("pubcid.org",N.ai));;if(Da){const b=Da();a.consentManagement={gpp:{cmpApi:"static",consentData:{gppVersion:1,sectionId:3,sectionList:b.sectionList,applicableSections:ia.regs.gpp_sid=b.applicableSections,gppString:ia.regs.gpp=b.gppString,pingData:b}}}}M.p.r();M.ready=!0;ka(M.timeout);M.timedOut=!1;;
Y(a,[{"n":"pf_10","b":200,"e":210,"o":[{"p1":"s2sConfig","p2":"extPrebid","p3":"floors","p4":"floorMin","v":0.1}]},{"n":"pf_20","b":210,"e":220,"o":[{"p1":"s2sConfig","p2":"extPrebid","p3":"floors","p4":"floorMin","v":0.2}]},{"n":"pf_30","b":220,"e":230,"o":[{"p1":"s2sConfig","p2":"extPrebid","p3":"floors","p4":"floorMin","v":0.3}]},{"n":"pf_40","b":230,"e":240,"o":[{"p1":"s2sConfig","p2":"extPrebid","p3":"floors","p4":"floorMin","v":0.4}]},{"n":"pf_50","b":240,"e":250,"o":[{"p1":"s2sConfig","p2":"extPrebid","p3":"floors","p4":"floorMin","v":0.5}]},{"n":"pf_control","b":250,"e":260}]);;c.setConfig(a);c.addAdUnits(ob);h.initXCall&&c.requestBids({bidsBackHandler:Ab,adUnitCodes:pb});;Ca.length&&(a={bidsBackHandler:Bb,adUnitCodes:Ca,ortb2:h.vbo={ext:{prebid:{cache:{vastXml:{returnCreative:!1}}}}}},c.requestBids(a));;h.ecs?.(ia)}}]};;pbjs.bidderSettings={};;
pbjs.bidderSettings.taboola={storageAllowed:!0};;pbjs.bidderSettings.teads={storageAllowed:!0};;var Bb=B.bind(null,1),Ab=B.bind(null,0);;;;;A["gnt-delay-x"]?Ma(ta,1E3):ta();}})();;;(gnt.v.tb=[{"container":"gnt_tbw_1","mode":"thumbnails-u","placement":"Below Article Thumbnails - Feed Redesign"},{"container":"gnt_tbw_2","mode":"organic-thumbnails-rr-stream","placement":"Right Rail Thumbnails - Organic"}]).o=g$.hp["gnt-enable-tbo"];;;;
{const e=gnt.u;e.getUser();if(e.au){const l=g$.d.querySelector(".gnt_n_us_a");l&&(l.href="https://account.usatoday.com",e.wn&&l.setAttribute("aria-label","Hi, "+e.wn));}};
{const e=g$,l=e.vv,f=(e.db=function(m){let p=-250,k;return function(t){if(!k){const B=t.timeStamp-p;250<B?(p=t.timeStamp,m(t)):k=setTimeout(()=>{k=0;p+=250;m(t)},250-B)}}})(()=>{e.cwiw=innerWidth;e.cwih=innerHeight;for(const m of e.rh)m()});addEventListener("resize",f);l&&l.addEventListener("resize",f);e.rh=new Set}
screen?.orientation?.addEventListener("change",e=>{;g$.cc("ori","h9o3",e.target.angle,{b:e.target.type},7);});;;gnt.v.ua={c:{"appKey":"RZEjXgPqRKagwt5Ac-2-iw","token":"MTpSWkVqWGdQcVJLYWd3dDVBYy0yLWl3OnpDOGxJVmZwWGVwNklFNEZOTFFzWlU4Sjltajg3djByakQwVmw3NHFzd2c","vapidPublicKey":"BNvJR_SUE9hR-4Bretw3No2z4y_EVNWl2LSkuTmjzkEnkFa-xWk1xdM0xOQyJdG7KdNZ0job9tVy_TAl_E7phO0="},p:2};;;;
gnt.a7s.bd=function(e,l){;e.std&&(e["content-story-highlights"]="no story highlights");};;
g$.w.PARSELY={video:{autotrack:!1}};g$.fcn=function(a){a=a[0].toUpperCase()+("o"===a[0]&&" "===a[1]?"'"+a[2].toUpperCase()+a.substr(3):a.substr(1));let b=a.indexOf(" ");if(0<b)for(;b<a.length;++b)if(" "===a[b-1]){const d=a[b],c=a[b+1],e=a[b+2];"d"===d&&" "===c&&"a"===e?a=a.substr(0,b+1)+"'A"+a.substr(b+3):" "===e&&("o"===d&&("f"===c||"n"===c)||"i"===d&&"n"===c||"b"===d&&"y"===c||"d"===d&&("u"===c||"e"===c))?b+=2:"t"===d&&"h"===c&&"e"===e&&" "===a[b+3]?b+=3:a=a.substr(0,"M"===a[b-3]&&"c"===a[b-2]?b-1:b)+d.toUpperCase()+a.substr(b+1)}return a};
if(gnt.u.wt){const b=g$.d.querySelector(".gnt_n_wt");;if(b){const {geo:a,u:c}=gnt,d=b.title+(a&&!c.wb?a.y?" in "+g$.fcn(a.y)+(a.s?", "+a.s:"")+(a.z?" ("+a.z+")":""):a.z?" in "+a.z:"":"")+": "+c.wt+"\u00b0F"+(c.wc?" "+c.wc:"");b.title=d;b.setAttribute("aria-label",d)}};
if(gnt.sbto&&!g$.hp["gnt-d-sbo"]){const a=g$.d.querySelector(".gnt_n_us_sb"),b=gnt.sbto;a&&(a.setAttribute("aria-label",b),a.setAttribute("data-t-l",":n|p|c|"+b))};
gnt.tmpl={navgd:{url:"/global-q1a2z3O1KBjLDSLfZBTqTUzyyBqTxfAW4.min.json",fb:"<div data-g-r=nav_fm style='padding:32px 32px 0 0;font:700 20px/24px \"Unify Sans\",\"Helvetica Neue\",\"Arial Nova\",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif'>The navigation could not be loaded.</div><div data-g-r=nav_fm style='padding:18px 32px 18px 0;font:16px/18px \"Helvetica Neue\",\"Arial Nova\",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif'>Please check your internet connection and try again."}};if(!gnt.hnb){let c=g$,f=c.d.querySelector(".gnt_nb");if(f){let b=gnt,a=c.d.createElement("iframe"),g=function(e){e.source===a.contentWindow&&"null"===e.origin&&(c.sip(e),e.data.gntMol&&e.data.click&&b.a7s.tq.push({mo:"nanobar",na:"subscribe_click",de:"click",da:"to: "+e.data.url}))};addEventListener("message",g);a.className="gnt_nb_if";a.sandbox="allow-scripts allow-popups allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox allow-forms";a.allow="sync-xhr 'none';document-domain 'none';picture-in-picture 'none'";a.scrolling=
"no";a.title="Special offer";a.frameBorder=a.marginWidth=a.marginHeight=0;;const d=b.u.nb;a.src=`${d.s.u||d.u}o=${c.l.origin}&p=1-800-872-0001&n=USA%20TODAY&u=${c.ec(b.u.im&&("i"!==d.s.i&&(d.s.i||d.s.o)||d.i||d.o)||d.s.o||d.o||"")}`;;f.appendChild(a);c.ut("gnt atomsNanobarCreate");b.knbq=[];b.knb=function(e){b.hnb=!0;removeEventListener("message",g);a.remove();f.remove();c.de.classList.add("gnt__hnb");for(const h of b.knbq)try{h&&h()}catch(k){c.cc(k,"h9k1")}b.a7s.tq.push({mo:"nanobar",na:"subscribe_kill_request",de:"kill request",da:e});f=a=g=b=b.knbq=
b.knb=null}}};
(function(){function G(){w&&(f.remove(),w=0,u("close",x))}function A(c,b){if(!f){c=k.createElement("button");const d=k.createElement("a");c.className="gnt_ar_fyt_mb_bt";c.textContent="Got it";c.addEventListener("click",G);d.className="gnt_ar_fyt_mb_a";d.textContent=l?"For You page":"Create a free account";d.href=l?"/for-you/":"https://login.usatoday.com/authenticate/?requested-state=create-account&amp;reg_source=manage%20topics&amp;reg_medium=onsite&amp;reg_campaign=create%20account%20cta&success-url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Ffactcheck%2F2024%2F10%2F29%2Fstudy-485-million-years-warming-hoax-fact-check%2F75697535007%2F&cancel-url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Ffactcheck%2F2024%2F10%2F29%2Fstudy-485-million-years-warming-hoax-fact-check%2F75697535007%2F&itm_medium=register&itm_source=my_topics&itm_campaign=add_topic&itm_content=article";
d.setAttribute("data-t-l",":my topics|o|c|"+x);f=k.createElement("div");f.className="gnt_ar_fyt_mb";l?f.append("Stories from your topics are on the ",d,".",c):f.append(d," to follow topics. It\u2019s quick and easy.",c)}w=1;b.parentNode.append(f);requestAnimationFrame(()=>{f.focus()});!l&&u("click","add");u("impression",x)}function u(c,b){g.ric(()=>{B.a7s.tq.push({mo:"my topics",na:"content_"+c,de:c,da:b})})}const g=g$,B=gnt,y=B.u,l=y.au,x=l?"for you front":"register",k=g$.d;l?y.getUser().then(()=>
{const c="7c45e21a-9137-488a-98ad-e7c7cf0552c4",b=k.querySelector(".gnt_ar_fyt_b");if(b){let d=g.ic.gnt_tp,h,z,m,q,r,e=!1,v=!1,C,t;m=y.user.response?.attributes?.content_prefs||{};q=m["USAT"]||(m["USAT"]=[]);for(t=0;t<q.length;t++)if(q[t].i===c){e=v=!0;break}v&&(b.textContent="Added",b.classList.replace("gnt_ar_fyt_b__at","gnt_ar_fyt_b__ad"));b.classList.add("gnt_ar_fyt_b__rd");g.bch.fyab=function(){C||(r||(r=q.slice(),v?r.splice(t,1):r.push({i:c,n:"Fact Check",
t:"topic"})),D(1),E(),m["USAT"]=v===e?r:q,b.classList.remove(e?"gnt_ar_fyt_b__ad":"gnt_ar_fyt_b__at"),b.textContent=e?"Removing...":"Adding...",u("click",e?"remove":"add"),H().then(function(){e=!e;{let a="",n=0,F=m?.["USAT"];if(F)for(const p of F)if(p&&"object"===typeof p&&"topic"===p.t&&p.i&&p.n&&(a+=(a?"*":"")+p.i,8<=++n))break;if(a?a!==d:d)d=a,g.cs({name:"gnt_tp",value:a,ma:a?63072E3:-9,path:"/",priority:"high"})}}).catch(function(a){I(b.parentNode);
g.cc(a,"h9v1")}).finally(function(){b.textContent=e?"Added":"Add Topic";b.classList.add(e?"gnt_ar_fyt_b__ad":"gnt_ar_fyt_b__at");e&&A(b,b);D()}))};function D(a){C=a;b.classList[a?"add":"remove"]("gnt_ar_fyt_b__ip");b.setAttribute("aria-disabled",!!a)}function H(){return fetch("https://user.usatoday.com/USAT-GUP-PREFS/user/attributes/",{method:"post",cache:"no-store",credentials:"include",body:'{"request":{"attributes":{"content_prefs":'+g.js(m)+
"}}}"}).then(function(a){if(a.ok)return a.json();throw Error("GUP response failure "+a.status);})}function I(a){if(!h){const n=k.createElement("button");n.className="gnt_ar_fyt_mb_bt";n.textContent="Ok";n.addEventListener("click",E);h=k.createElement("div");h.className="gnt_ar_fyt_mb";h.append("Sorry, something went wrong. Please try again.",n)}z=1;a.append(h);requestAnimationFrame(()=>{h.focus()})}function E(){z&&(h.remove(),z=0)}}}):g.bch.fyab=A;let f,w})();
gnt.data.exid="e82155d1-d994-44c9-b40a-050307d82ef7";gnt.data.vCs="/gcdn/gannett-web/apps/teal/dist/vendor/comscore/streamsense-5.1.1.160316.min.js";;
g$.hp["gnt-disable-anc"]||(g$.el.loadAnc=function(){function f(){const l=g$.ic;;m.gannett={atoms:{setup:{camId:l.gnt_eid||l.cam_eid||"control",environment:h,gup_lng:c.lng,platform:"tangent",mobile:false,siteCode:"USAT",
ssts:"news/factcheck",taxonomy:["Fact Check","NASA","To the Point","Modular Story","Overall Negative","Climate Change & Global Warming","Green Living & Environmental Issues"],abv:e.abv,ssm:e.ssm,user:c.user,analytics:{newslettersignupcta:function(a){a&&"string"!==typeof a&&e.a7s.tq.push({mo:a.module,na:a.category&&a.action?a.category.replace(/\s/g,"_")+"_"+a.action.replace(/\s/g,"_"):"atoms_inline",de:a.action,da:a.label})}}}}};
g$.as(k,function(){const {FontFace:a,customElements:b}=m;a&&g$.d.fonts.add(new a("Gannett Atoms Components Unify Serif","local(Georgia Pro),local(Georgia),local(Droid Serif)"));b&&b.define("gannett-atoms-component-ui-font-loader",class extends HTMLElement{connectedCallback(){this.style.display="none"}})},a=>{g$.cc((a.m="script load failure",a),"h6s1",k)},1)}const n=g$.preload,e=gnt,c=e.u,m=window,h="stage"===g$.hp["gnt-test-ancenv"]?"stage":"prod",p="https://atoms.usatoday.com",
k=p+"/atoms-library/"+h+"/dist/gannett-atoms-library.js";n(k,void 0,1);n(p+"/atoms-components/"+h+"/dist/gannett-atoms-components/gannett-atoms-components.esm.js",void 0,1);c.user&&!c.user.local||!c.getUser?f():c.getUser().then(f,f)});

if(!g$.hp["gnt-disable-infogram"]){let f;g$.el.loadInfogram=function(d){const g=d.getAttribute("data-v-id");if(g){const a=g$.d.createElement("iframe");a.src="https://e.infogram.com/"+g+"?src=embed#async_embed";a.title=d.getAttribute("aria-label");a.className="gnt_em_ifg_if";a.sandbox="allow-same-origin allow-scripts allow-popups allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox allow-forms";a.setAttribute("allowfullscreen","true");a.scrolling="no";d.appendChild(a);f||(f=1,g$.pre(["//infogram.com","//s.infogram.com",
"//cdn.jifo.co","//s3.amazonaws.com"],"d"));let h,e;addEventListener("message",function(c){var b=c.data;"https://e.infogram.com"===c.origin&&c.source===a.contentWindow&&(g$.sip(c),"string"===typeof b&&-1<b.indexOf("iframe.resize")&&(b=g$.jp(b),c=b.width,b=b.height,e||(g$.ric(()=>{gnt.a7s.tq.push({mo:"embed",na:"content_open",de:"open",da:"infogram"})}),a.style.visibility="visible"),e!==b||h!==c))&&(d.style.width=(h=c)+"px",d.style.height=(e=b)+"px")})}}};

;
g$.tbdd=()=>{const e=g$,f=e.aeld,g=e.d,d=(a,c,b)=>{gnt.a7s.tq.push({mo:"taboola dd",na:a,de:c,da:b})};f.call(g,"deeperdive-question-sent",a=>{d("module_click","taboola dd question"+(a?.detail?.isFollowUp?" followup":""),a?.detail?.questionType)});f.call(g,"deeperdive-content-click",a=>{a=a?.detail;const c=a?.clickOrigin;if("source"===c||"sc-item"===c){let b;a=a.url;try{b=new URL(a)}catch(h){e.cc("tb.dd","h9w1",a,0,5)}b?.host.endsWith(".usatoday.com")?d("content_click","taboola dd list content click",
"to: "+b.href):d("outbound_links_inline_click","taboola dd list ad click","to: "+(b?b.origin:a))}else"blue-link"===c?d("internal_links_inline_click","taboola dd inline click","to: "+a.url):e.cc("tb.dd","h9w2",c,0,5)});f.call(g,"deeperdive-thumbs-feedback",a=>{d("module_interaction","taboola dd thumbs feedback",a?.detail?.feedbackType)})};;

if(0===g$.d.referrer.indexOf(g$.l.origin)&&gnt.storage){let b,d;for(let c=0,e=g$.d.querySelectorAll("[data-g-r~=base_xbutton]"),f=e.length;c<f;c++)Object.defineProperty(e[c],"href",{configurable:!0,enumerable:!0,get:function(){if(!d){d=!0;var a=sessionStorage.gnt_pf;a&&(b=a)}b&&this.setAttribute("href",b);a=b||this.getAttribute("href");Object.defineProperty(this,"href",{configurable:!0,enumerable:!0,value:a});return a}})};

g$.run.push(function(){if(!g$.hp["gnt-d-st"]&&g$.iou){const c=g$.d.querySelector(".gnt_ar_b");if(c)for(let a=0;101>a;a+=25)(new g$.io((b,d)=>{(b=b[0])&&b.isIntersecting&&(d.disconnect(),gnt.a7s.tq.push({sm:1,mo:"body nav",na:"navigation_scroll_milestone",de:"scroll milestone",da:a+""}))})).observe(c.querySelector(".gnt_ar_s"+a))}});

gnt.vpc=[];gnt.u.ca&&(gnt.cacss=`.gnt_ca_oy{overscroll-behavior:contain;overflow:auto;contain:strict;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:center;align-items:center;position:fixed;z-index:2147483647;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;background:rgba(0,0,0,.8);pointer-events:auto}.gnt_ca_xb{position:absolute;z-index:1;top:20px;right:10px;width:44px;height:44px;margin:0;border:1px solid #c2c2c2;border-radius:50%;background:#fff;color:#303030;touch-action:manipulation;cursor:pointer}.gnt_ca_xb::before{content:'';position:absolute;top:20px;left:12px;transform:rotate(45deg);width:18px;height:2px;background:currentColor}.gnt_ca_xb::after{content:'';position:absolute;top:20px;left:12px;transform:rotate(-45deg);width:18px;height:2px;background:currentColor}.gnt_ca_xb:hover{border-color:#000;color:#000}.gnt_ca{contain:layout;position:relative;width:800px;background:#fff;color:#626262;font:14px/18px 'Unify Sans','Helvetica Neue','Arial Nova',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;text-align:center}.gnt_ca::after,.gnt_ca::before{content:'';display:block;height:12px;background:linear-gradient(to right,#0098fe 0,#0a32a0 100%)}.gnt_ca_hd{margin:72px 0 0;color:#303030;font-weight:700;font-size:34px;line-height:38px}.gnt_ca_hd::before{content:'WHOOPS!';display:block;margin:0 0 9px;color:#1665cf;font-size:21px;line-height:24px}.gnt_ca_rtm{margin:25px 0 0;color:#303030;font-size:18px;line-height:26px}.gnt_ca_rtm_pp{font-weight:700}.gnt_ca_a{display:block;width:254px;margin:30px auto 21px;background:#1665cf;color:#fff;font:700 16px/48px 'Unify Sans','Helvetica Neue','Arial Nova',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale;text-decoration:none;text-align:center}.gnt_ca_a:hover{background:#0a32a0}.gnt_ca_ac_sl{padding:3px;border:0;color:#303030;font:inherit;font-weight:700;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-color:#0098FE;text-decoration-skip-ink:none;text-decoration-thickness:2px;text-underline-offset:2px}.gnt_ca_ac_sl:hover{color:#000}.gnt_ca_tx{margin:12px 30px 72px}.gnt_ca_tx_pn{white-space:nowrap}`);gnt.u.aod=1;if(gnt.luxEnabled){setTimeout(function(){g$.as('/tangstatic/js/perf-q1a2z3b228dadd.min.js',0,a=>{g$.cc((a.m="script load failure",a),"h3e1",'/tangstatic/js/perf-q1a2z3b228dadd.min.js')})},3E3);const c=gnt.LUX={};try{const a=c.po=new PerformanceObserver(d=>{for(const b of d.getEntries())a[b.entryType].push(b)});a.longtask=[];a.observe({type:"longtask",buffered:!0})}catch(a){g$.cc(a,"h3e2")}};
if(!g$.hp["gnt-d-fcm"]){const a=g$,b=gnt,m=(h,l)=>{b.a7s.tq.push({mo:"fedcm",na:h,de:"google",da:l,et:"account-login",std:1,cu:1})};if(!(a.ic.gnt_fcd||b.rf||!b.ssm||b.u.co||b.u.au||b.u.lng["ret-sub"])&&a.nce&&a.ic.gnt_i&&b.storage&&(a.l.host.endsWith(b.data.gd)||a.l.host.endsWith(".gannettdigital.com"))&&!b.gad&&!b.gud){const h=a.d,l=function(){a.ric(function(){function p(d){a.cs({name:"g_csrf_token",value:f,ma:30,ax:1,cb:async()=>{var g=window.cookieStore?.get?(await cookieStore.get("g_csrf_token"))?.value:
/g_csrf_token\s*=\s*(.*?)(;|$)/.exec(h.cookie)?.[1];g===f?(g=new FormData,g.append("g_csrf_token",f),g.append("credential",d.token||d.credential),m("account_login_click_social","click"),fetch("https://login.usatoday.com/USAT-GUP/authenticate/fedcm/",{method:"post",cache:"no-store",credentials:"include",body:g}).then(async function(c){c=await c.json();if(200!==c.meta?.status)throw Error("GUP response failure "+c.meta?.status,{cause:c.meta?.message?.displayMessage});
if(c.meta.redirectUrl){var k=b.data.pageFullUrl;return a.l.assign(c.meta.redirectUrl+"&success-url="+a.ec(k+(-1<k.indexOf("#")?"&":"#")+"gnt-fcmn"))}k=c.response?.insights||{};try{a.ls.setItem("user_insights",a.js(k))}catch(e){a.cc(e,"h3i1",k)}try{a.ls.setItem("gupUserInfo",a.js(c))}catch(e){a.cc(e,"h3i2",c)}a.st(()=>{const e=a.w,q=a.l,r="gnt-fcmr:";e.name?.startsWith(r)?a.cc("fcm.pr","h3i5",e.name,0,7):(e.name=r+q.pathname,q.reload())},50)}).catch(function(c){m("account_login_fail_social",c.message);
a.cc(c,"h3i3",0,{b:!!a.nv.credentials,c:a.b.m,d:c.cause,e:!!n})})):a.cc("csrf mismatch","h3i8",0,{b:g,c:f})}})}a.cs({name:"gnt_fcd",value:1,ma:600,path:"/",ax:1});let n;const f=btoa(String.fromCharCode.apply(String,crypto.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(32)))).replace(/[=]+$/,""),t=a.ua.indexOf("Chrome/");try{if(a.nv.credentials&&a.b.c&&-1<t&&136<=parseInt(a.ua.substr(t+7))){a.nv.credentials.get({mediation:"required",identity:{providers:[{configURL:"https://accounts.google.com/gsi/fedcm.json",clientId:"595076758838-kepj5eljp6j36dda4jr6ujp8nhd0f0f6.apps.googleusercontent.com",
params:{response_type:"id_token",scope:"email profile openid",nonce:f}}]}}).then(p,function(d){console.error(d)});}else{a.as(n="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client",()=>{google.accounts.id.initialize({client_id:"595076758838-kepj5eljp6j36dda4jr6ujp8nhd0f0f6.apps.googleusercontent.com",callback:p,nonce:f});google.accounts.id.prompt(d=>{d.isDisplayed()&&a.qs("#credential_picker_container,#credential_picker_iframe")?.style.setProperty("z-index",
"9999999")})},d=>{a.cc((d.m="script load failure",d),"h3i7",n)});}}catch(d){a.cc(d,"h3i4")}})};b.u.getUser().then(function(){h.hidden?h.addEventListener("visibilitychange",l,{once:!0}):l()})}(b.fcmr||a.hp["gnt-fcmn"])&&m("account_login_success_social","success"+(b.fcmr?"":" - action required"));b.fcmm&&a.cc("fcm.m","h3i6",b.fcmm,0,5)};
gnt.data.sfPath="/tangstatic/html/usat/sf-q1a2z3584c02f3.min.html";{let c=g$.ic.gnt_tp;gnt.u.au?gnt.u.getUser().then(function(e){g$.ric(function(){const d=e.response?.attributes?.content_prefs?.["USAT"];if(Array.isArray(d)){let a="",f=0;for(const b of d)if(b&&"object"===typeof b&&"topic"===b.t&&b.i&&b.n&&(a+=(a?"*":"")+b.i,8<=++f))break;(a?a!==c:c)&&g$.cs({name:"gnt_tp",value:a,ma:a?63072E3:-9,path:"/",priority:"high"})}})}):c&&g$.cs({name:"gnt_tp",value:"",ma:-9,path:"/",priority:"high"})};
;
gnt.u.z||!gnt.x||!g$.w.pbjs?.que||g$.hp["gnt-d-vp"]||g$.hp["gnt-d-vpx"]||g$.hp["gnt-disable-x"]||g$.hp["gnt-d-ecsdk"]||(g$.w.exbd={q:[()=>{const a=gnt.x.ortb;exbd.init({supplyId:"1830558993",macros:{gpid:"/7103/usatoday/preroll_video/news/1"},ortb2:a?{site:a.site}:a,userIds:gnt.storage&&!gnt.u.co})}]},(gnt.x.ecp=new Promise((a,c)=>{g$.as("https://exbd.ex.co/sdk.js",()=>{a()},b=>{g$.cc((b.m="script load failure",b),"h3j1","https://exbd.ex.co/sdk.js");
c(b)},1)})).catch(()=>{}));;
g$.run.push(function(){g$.registerMod("vp");;g$.hp["gnt-d-vap"]||g$.el.trigger("vp_ap",g$.de);});
if((g$.b.i||!g$.b.c&&-1<g$.ua.indexOf("Safari"))&&!URL.canParse){const a=g$.aeld;a("webkitfullscreenchange",function(){g$.d.querySelector(".gnt_cw_w,.gnt_cw").style[g$.d.webkitFullscreenElement?"setProperty":"removeProperty"]("isolation","auto")})};
;g$.ut("gnt bodyendDone");</script><script async src=/tangstatic/js/main-q1a2z3c87ded5b.min.js onerror="document.querySelectorAll('.gnt__hbd').forEach(e=>e.classList.remove('gnt__hbd'))"></script><script type="gnt/tmpl" data-tmpl-key=navgdp>|styles|[data-g-s=nav_ao] .gnt_n_dd_bt_svg{transform:rotate(180deg);background:currentColor;fill:#303030}.gnt_n_dd_oy{left:0;right:0;height:calc(var(--gnt-vh,100vh) - 160px - var(--gnt-sh,0px))}.gnt_n_dd{overscroll-behavior-y:contain;overflow:auto;overflow-x:hidden;box-sizing:border-box;width:385px;height:calc(var(--gnt-vh,100vh) - 160px - var(--gnt-sh,0px));margin:0 0 0 -20px;padding:7px 20px 0 32px;border-top:5px solid #0098fe;background:#303030;color:#fff}.gnt__hnb .gnt_n_dd__sz{height:calc(var(--gnt-vh,100vh) - 80px - var(--gnt-sh,0px))}[data-g-s=nav_ao] .gnt_n_dd__sz{display:block;position:absolute;z-index:1}</script><script type="gnt/tmpl" data-tmpl-key=navse><form class=gnt_n_se_fm data-g-r=nav_dd action=/search/ role=search><input class=gnt_n_se_fm_qr data-g-r=nav_pf name=q placeholder="What can we help you find?" inputmode=search mozactionhint=search enterkeyhint=search aria-label="Search query"/><button class=gnt_n_se_fm_sm data-t-l=⚑s:r|r|u| aria-label=Submit><svg class=gnt_n_se_fm_sm_svg viewBox="0 0 18 18"><path d="M12.28 9.76H2V7.74h10.28l-2.23-2.31L11.43 4 16 8.75l-4.57 4.75-1.38-1.43 2.23-2.31z"/></svg></button></form>|styles|.gnt_n_se_fm{display:none;align-items:center;justify-content:center;position:absolute;z-index:1;left:0;right:0;height:180px;padding:0 0 15px;border-top:5px solid #0098fe;background:#303030}[data-g-s~=nav_ao] .gnt_n_se_fm{display:flex}.gnt_n_se_fm_qr{width:492px;height:46px;padding:0 50px 0 0;border-style:solid;border-width:0 0 2px;border-color:#fff;border-radius:0;outline:0;background:0 0;color:#fff;font:700 28px 'Unify Sans','Helvetica Neue','Arial Nova',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif}.gnt_n_se_fm_qr::placeholder{opacity:1;color:#fff}.gnt_n_se_fm_qr:-webkit-autofill{box-shadow:inset 0 46px #303030;-webkit-text-fill-color:#FFF}.gnt_n_se_fm_sm{width:60px;height:50px;border:0;margin:0 -15px 0 -45px;padding:0;outline-offset:-8px;fill:#FFF;background:0 0;touch-action:manipulation;cursor:pointer}.gnt_n_se_fm_sm:hover{fill:#E0E0E0}.gnt_n_se_fm_sm_svg{width:42px;height:42px;margin-top:3px;stroke:#303030;stroke-width:.5px}</script><script type="gnt/tmpl" data-tmpl-key=navus><div class=gnt_n_us_dd data-g-r=nav_dd><div class=gnt_n_us_dd_u><a class=gnt_n_us_dd_a href=https://account.usatoday.com/ data-t-l=":m|a|c|manage account">Manage Account</a> <a class=gnt_n_us_dd_a data-u-sr="anon sub" href=https://user.usatoday.com/user/enewspaper data-t-l=":m|a|c|'enewspaper'">eNewspaper</a> <a class=gnt_n_us_dd_a href=https://profile.usatoday.com/newsletters/manage/ data-t-l=:m|a|c|newsletters>Newsletters</a> <a class=gnt_n_us_dd_a data-u-sr="reg sub" href=https://profile.usatoday.com/newsletters/preferences/ data-t-l=":m|a|c|email preferences">Email Preferences</a> <a class=gnt_n_us_dd_a data-u-sr="reg sub" href=https://puzzles.usatoday.com/ target=_blank rel=noopener data-t-l=:m|a|c|crossword>Crossword</a> <a class=gnt_n_us_dd_a data-u-sr="anon sub" href=https://account.usatoday.com/pay data-t-l=":m|a|c|pay bill">Pay Bill</a> <a class=gnt_n_us_dd_a data-u-sr="anon sub" href=https://account.usatoday.com/delivery-issue data-t-l=":m|a|c|report delivery issues">Report Delivery Issues</a> <a class=gnt_n_us_dd_a data-u-sr="anon sub" href=https://account.usatoday.com/delivery-temporary-stop data-t-l=":m|a|c|pause delivery">Pause Delivery</a> <a class=gnt_n_us_dd_a data-u-sr="anon sub" href=https://cm.usatoday.com/subscriberguide data-t-l=":m|a|c|subscriber guide">Subscriber Guide</a> <a class=gnt_n_us_dd_a href=https://help.usatoday.com data-t-l=":m|a|c|help center">Help Center</a> <a class="gnt_n_us_dd_a gnt_n_us_dd_a__li" data-u-sr="reg sub" href="https://user.usatoday.com/USAT-GUP/user/logout/?return-url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Ffactcheck%2F2024%2F10%2F29%2Fstudy-485-million-years-warming-hoax-fact-check%2F75697535007%2F" data-t-l=":m|a|c|sign out">Sign Out</a></div><div class=gnt_n_us_dd_ac data-u-sr="anon reg"><div class=gnt_n_us_dd_lbl data-u-sr=anon>Have an existing account?</div><a class="gnt_n_us_dd_ba gnt_n_us_dd_ba__hl" data-u-sr=anon rel=nofollow href="https://login.usatoday.com/USAT-GUP/authenticate/?success-url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Ffactcheck%2F2024%2F10%2F29%2Fstudy-485-million-years-warming-hoax-fact-check%2F75697535007%2F&cancel-url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Ffactcheck%2F2024%2F10%2F29%2Fstudy-485-million-years-warming-hoax-fact-check%2F75697535007%2F" data-t-l=":m|a|c|sign in">Sign In</a><div class=gnt_n_us_dd_lbl>Already have a print subscription?</div><a class=gnt_n_us_dd_ba rel=nofollow href=https://cm.usatoday.com/account-activation/ data-t-l=":m|a|c|activate account">Activate account</a><div class=gnt_n_us_dd_lbl data-u-sr=anon>Don't have an account?</div><a class="gnt_n_us_dd_ba gnt_n_us_dd_a__li" data-u-sr=anon rel=nofollow href="https://login.usatoday.com/authenticate/?requested-state=create-account&amp;reg_source=CPNAVBAR&amp;reg_medium=ONSITE&amp;reg_campaign=signin&amp;reg_delivery=ux" data-t-l=":m|a|c|create account">Create account</a></div></div>|styles|.gnt_n_us_a_w{position:relative}.gnt_n_us_dd{display:none;position:absolute;z-index:1;top:28px;right:25px;padding:14px 0 14px 15px;border-top:5px solid #0098fe;background:#303030}[data-g-s~=nav_ao] .gnt_n_us_dd{display:flex}.gnt_n_us_dd_u{display:flex;flex-direction:column;min-width:165px;padding-right:15px}.gnt_n_us_dd_a{margin:3px auto 4px 3px;padding:0 2px;color:#fff;font:700 14px/18px 'Unify Sans','Helvetica Neue','Arial Nova',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;text-decoration:none;white-space:nowrap}.gnt_n_us_dd_a:hover{color:#e0e0e0}.gnt_n_us_dd_ac{padding:0 15px 0 19px;border-left:1px solid #626262}.gnt_n_us_dd_lbl{margin:5px 0 0;color:#fff;font:700 12px/16px 'Helvetica Neue','Arial Nova',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif}.gnt_n_us_dd_ba{display:block;width:192px;margin:3px 0 19px;padding:9px 1px 8px;border:3px solid #1665cf;outline-offset:-1px;color:#fff;font:700 14px/17px 'Unify Sans','Helvetica Neue','Arial Nova',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;text-decoration:none;text-align:center}.gnt_n_us_dd_ba__hl{padding:12px 4px 11px!important;border:0!important;background:var(--gnt-bc,#1665cf)}.gnt_n_us_dd_ba:hover{padding:8px 0 7px;border-width:4px;--gnt-bc:#0A32A0}.gnt_n_us_dd_a__li{margin-bottom:6px}</script><link rel=preload as=fetch crossorigin=use-credentials href=/global-q1a2z3O1KBjLDSLfZBTqTUzyyBqTxfAW4.min.json fetchpriority=low /><link rel=dns-prefetch href=//images.taboola.com /><link rel=preconnect href=https://images.taboola.com /><script type=application/ld+json>[{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"High ancient temperatures don't prove modern warming a 'hoax' | Fact check","shortHeadline":"No, a warmer past doesn't mean global warming is a 'hoax' | Fact check","description":"Rather than showing global warming is a \"hoax,\" the paper reports that modern global warming is proceeding at an unprecedented rate.","url":"https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2024/10/29/study-485-million-years-warming-hoax-fact-check/75697535007/","mainEntityOfPage":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2024/10/29/study-485-million-years-warming-hoax-fact-check/75697535007/"},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://www.usatoday.com/gcdn/authoring/authoring-images/2024/10/16/USAT/75697586007-20241011-t-125542-z-1643283492-rc-23-f-9-a-0-nf-1-y-rtrmadp-3-climatechangegreecerenewables.JPG?crop=5279,2971,x0,y274&width=1600&height=800&format=pjpg&auto=webp","height":800,"width":1600,"caption":"FILE PHOTO: A drone view shows a charred area following a wildfire, in the village of Rapentosa, Greece, August 13, 2024. REUTERS/Fedja Grulovic/File Photo","copyrightHolder":"Fedja Grulovic, REUTERS","cropInfo":{"16_9":"/gcdn/authoring/authoring-images/2024/10/16/USAT/75697586007-20241011-t-125542-z-1643283492-rc-23-f-9-a-0-nf-1-y-rtrmadp-3-climatechangegreecerenewables.JPG?crop=5279,2971,x0,y274","16_9d":"5279,2971","3_4":"/gcdn/authoring/authoring-images/2024/10/16/USAT/75697586007-20241011-t-125542-z-1643283492-rc-23-f-9-a-0-nf-1-y-rtrmadp-3-climatechangegreecerenewables.JPG?crop=2640,3519,x528,y0","3_4d":"2640,3519","1_1":"/gcdn/authoring/authoring-images/2024/10/16/USAT/75697586007-20241011-t-125542-z-1643283492-rc-23-f-9-a-0-nf-1-y-rtrmadp-3-climatechangegreecerenewables.JPG?crop=3520,3519,x264,y0","1_1d":"3520,3519","4_3":"/gcdn/authoring/authoring-images/2024/10/16/USAT/75697586007-20241011-t-125542-z-1643283492-rc-23-f-9-a-0-nf-1-y-rtrmadp-3-climatechangegreecerenewables.JPG?crop=4693,3519,x0,y0","4_3d":"4693,3519"}},"thumbnailUrl":"https://www.usatoday.com/gcdn/authoring/authoring-images/2024/10/16/USAT/75697586007-20241011-t-125542-z-1643283492-rc-23-f-9-a-0-nf-1-y-rtrmadp-3-climatechangegreecerenewables.JPG?width=1200&disable=upscale&format=pjpg&auto=webp","datePublished":"2024-10-29T21:36:08Z","dateCreated":"2024-10-29T21:36:08Z","dateModified":"2024-10-29T21:36:08Z","articleSection":"news","publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"USA TODAY","logo":"https://www.usatoday.com/sitelogos/m-oc.svg"},"author":{"@type":"Person","jobTitle":"Climate and Energy Fact Check Reporter","name":"Kate S. Petersen","url":"https://www.usatoday.com/staff/6109715001/kate-s-petersen/"},"keywords":["access:free","ssts:news:factcheck","sstsn:Fact Check","type:story","tag:Fact Check","tag:NASA","tag:To the Point","tag:Modular Story","tag:Overall Negative","tag:Climate Change & Global Warming","tag:Green Living & Environmental Issues"],"isAccessibleForFree":true,"isPartOf":{"@type":["CreativeWork","Product"],"name":"USA TODAY - Unlimited Digital Access","productID":"usatoday.com:standard"},"metadata":"{\"id\":\"75697535007\",\"siteCode\":\"USAT\",\"contentSourceCode\":\"USAT\",\"ssts\":\"news:factcheck\",\"type\":\"story\"}"},{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"ClaimReview","claimReviewed":"Study shows global warming is a 'hoax'","datePublished":"2024-10-29T21:36:08Z","url":"https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2024/10/29/study-485-million-years-warming-hoax-fact-check/75697535007/","reviewRating":{"@type":"Rating","alternateName":"False"},"author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"USA TODAY"},"itemReviewed":{"@type":"Claim","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Social media"},"datePublished":"2024-10-21","appearance":{"@type":"CreativeWork","url":"https://www.facebook.com/InBlondeTheory/posts/pfbid0HFhkpPbaBXQDy9oQyLtQeujC8Ua6PkBBw3zwvAYoySxEXFztAJKcYfrUuwLfSGLQl"}}}]</script><noscript><img src="https://www.usatoday.com/gciaf/prod/p?a=pageview&p=USAT-TEALIUM-TANGENT&m=web&k=f14ebdd6-0569-4c64-af73-99937bc06379&s=noscript" style=display:none;visibility:hidden /></noscript></body></html>

claims

object

System provided

image_search_results

string

System provided

⚙️ Settings

Run cost = 155 credits

Breakdown: 152 (Claude 4.6 Opus) + 3/run

With each run, you agree to Gooey.AI's terms & privacy policy.

🐞 Debug

How to Use This Recipe

🙋🏽‍♀️ Need more help? Join our Discord

DebunkBOT

Instructions

Language Model

Knowledge Base

💪 Capabilities

🦻 Speech Recognition & Translation

🗣️ Text to Speech & Lipsync

🩻 Photo & Document Intelligence

📊 Analytics & Evaluation

🛠️ Developer Tools and Functions

Functions

Variables

Advanced Settings

🔠 Language Model Settings

Response Format

Max Output Tokens

Creativity (aka Sampling Temperature)

Answer Outputs

Reasoning Effort

How to Use This Recipe

Related Workflows

Lipsync with Text-to-Speech

RAG in the Cloud: Search any document with AI

AI Animation Generator

Compare AI Image Generators

GET STARTED

LEARN

DEVELOPERS

SOCIAL

CONNECT

EXTRAS